Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common and lethal tumor of the urological system. Curative treatment of localized RCC includes nephrectomy, radio-ablation, and active surveillance, whereas metastatic RCC (mRCC) requires a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Response to conventional therapy is limited but, recently, many novel therapies for mRCC have emerged, including targeted therapies and new immunotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, development of resistance and limited durable responses demand new anticancer candidates with improved selectivity and efficacy. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical studies of novel natural and synthetic compounds to treat RCC, detailing their mechanisms of action and anticancer activities.

肾细胞癌（RCC）是泌尿系统最常见和最致命的肿瘤。局限性 RCC 的根治性治疗包括肾切除术、放射消融和主动监测，而转移性 RCC (mRCC) 需要手术和全身治疗相结合。对传统疗法的反应有限，但最近出现了许多针对 mRCC 的新疗法，包括靶向疗法和新的免疫治疗剂。然而，耐药性的发展和有限的持久反应需要具有更高选择性和功效的新抗癌候选药物。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近对治疗 RCC 的新型天然和合成化合物的临床前研究，详细说明了它们的作用机制和抗癌活性。