This paper reviews the existing vision-based tactile sensor (VBTS) designs reported in the literature. Although some reviews on VBTSs already exist in the literature. We believe it is necessary to review existing VBTS designs to formulate a guideline for developing such systems considering recent developments in the manufacturing and imaging technologies. Therefore, the main emphasis of this paper is to investigate current manufacturing trends and component selection criteria for developing a complete VBTS system. Further, the motivation behind this review is to identify the shortcomings in the current VBTS development technology and to furnish viable solutions to overcome such challenges. First, three different modalities of VBTSs are discussed: i) Waveguide-type designs, ii) marker-tracking based designs, and ii) reflective membrane designs. Next, a detailed discussion on various design aspects, like manufacturing, selection, and arrangements of the various sensor components, of the VBTSs is included. Then, a discussion on the validation/testing of various VBTSs is presented. Finally, based on the review, several challenges related to the development of VBTS are presented and the future research directions to overcome such challenges are recommended. This will serve the research community in determining the future research directions in the area of VBTS development.

本文回顾了文献中报道的现有基于视觉的触觉传感器 (VBTS) 设计。尽管文献中已经存在一些关于 VBTS 的评论。我们认为，考虑到制造和成像技术的最新发展，有必要审查现有的 VBTS 设计，以制定开发此类系统的指南。因此，本文的主要重点是调查当前的制造趋势和组件选择标准，以开发完整的 VBTS 系统。此外，本次审查背后的动机是确定当前 VBTS 开发技术的缺点并提供可行的解决方案来克服这些挑战。首先，讨论了 VBTS 的三种不同模式：i) 波导型设计，ii) 基于标记跟踪的设计，以及 ii) 反射膜设计。接下来，详细讨论了 VBTS 的各种设计方面，例如各种传感器组件的制造、选择和布置。然后，介绍了对各种 VBTS 的验证/测试的讨论。最后，在综述的基础上，提出了与 VBTS 发展相关的几个挑战，并建议了未来克服这些挑战的研究方向。这将有助于研究界确定 VBTS 开发领域的未来研究方向。提出了与 VBTS 发展相关的几个挑战，并建议了未来克服这些挑战的研究方向。这将有助于研究界确定 VBTS 开发领域的未来研究方向。介绍了与 VBTS 发展相关的几个挑战，并建议了未来克服这些挑战的研究方向。这将有助于研究界确定 VBTS 开发领域的未来研究方向。