Liquid steel storage tanks equipped with floating roofs are critical components of industrial facilities because they often store hazardous material. Major earthquakes have caused large vertical displacements of floating roofs. Consequently, roof failure and/or content loss has occurred, which has seriously endangered the surrounding environment and community. Therefore, research interest in this topic remains high, giving rise to experimental campaigns and investigatory studies concerning design and assessment approaches. The present paper aims to validate a simplified model (SM) using both a refined finite element (FE) model and experimental data. This model could later be used in the vulnerability and risk assessment framework based on numerous seismic analyses. The first part of the paper briefly introduces a shaking table test performed on a scaled steel storage tank equipped with a floating roof. This test provided useful experimental data about the vertical displacement histories of floating roofs subject to seismic loading. Subsequently, both a SM and a refined FE model aimed at simulating the shaking table test are introduced and described. Relevant experimental and numerical outcomes are then presented and discussed. Finally, in order to highlight the most relevant parameters involved, we performed a parametric study related to the SM. It is shown that both the refined FE model and the SM were capable of simulating the roof vertical displacement histories observed in the shaking table test. The former model has higher fidelity but appears to be excessively time-consuming, whilst the latter is more suitable for risk assessment purposes.

配备浮顶的液态钢储罐是工业设施的关键部件，因为它们经常储存危险材料。大地震导致浮顶发生大的垂直位移。因此，发生了屋顶破坏和/或内容物丢失，严重危害了周围环境和社区。因此，对该主题的研究兴趣仍然很高，引发了有关设计和评估方法的实验活动和调查研究。本论文旨在使用改进的有限元 (FE) 模型和实验数据验证简化模型 (SM)。该模型稍后可用于基于大量地震分析的脆弱性和风险评估框架。论文的第一部分简要介绍了在装有浮顶的钢制储罐上进行的振动台试验。该测试提供了有关受地震荷载作用的浮顶垂直位移历史的有用实验数据。随后，介绍和描述了旨在模拟振动台试验的 SM 和改进的有限元模型。然后介绍和讨论相关的实验和数值结果。最后，为了突出所涉及的最相关参数，我们进行了与 SM 相关的参数研究。结果表明，改进的 FE 模型和 SM 都能够模拟在振动台试验中观察到的屋顶垂直位移历史。前一种模型具有更高的保真度，但似乎过于耗时，