BACKGROUND:The association between the toe angle and bony rotational factors is critical to explain issues related to the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). OBJECTIVE:The study aimed to clarify the association between the toe angle and each of the femoral and tibial transvers direction relative to gait direction, rotational knee alignment, and bony torsional deformity for the subjects with knee OA. METHODS:This study evaluated 58 knees in 24 healthy elderly (72 ± 5 years) and 34 varus knee OA (72 ± 6 years). A three-dimensional (3D) assessment system was used on 3D models and biplanar long-leg radiographs with the toe angle reflecting gait direction, applying a 3D-to-2D image registration technique. The main parameters on the transverse plane were: (1) toe angle, (2) transverse direction of the femur and tibia relative to the gait direction, (3) femoral neck anteversion, (4) condylar twist angle, (5) tibial torsion, and (6) rotational knee alignment. RESULTS:The alignment parameters, except for the tibial transverse direction, were different between healthy and osteoarthritic knees. In knee OA, the femoral neck anteversion - femoral transverse direction (p = 0.001), femoral transverse direction - tibial transverse direction (p < 0.001), and tibial transverse direction - toe angle (p < 0.001) were associated. CONCLUSIONS:The osteoarthritic knees showed that the femoral neck anteversion was associated with the femoral transverse direction, which determined the tibial transverse direction by adjusting the rotational knee alignment, leading to the toe angle.

中文翻译：

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与健康膝关节相比，骨关节炎膝关节的脚趾角度与横断面骨性因素之间的关系

背景：脚趾角度和骨旋转因素之间的关联对于解释与膝骨关节炎 (OA) 的发病和进展相关的问题至关重要。目的：该研究旨在阐明脚趾角度与每个股骨和胫骨横向相对于步态方向、膝关节旋转对线和膝关节 OA 受试者的骨扭转畸形之间的关联。方法：本研究评估了 24 名健康老年人（72±5 岁）和 34 名内翻膝 OA（72±6 岁）的 58 膝。三维 (3D) 评估系统用于 3D 模型和双平面长腿 X 光片，脚趾角度反映步态方向，应用 3D 到 2D 图像配准技术。横向平面上的主要参数有：（1）趾角，(2) 股骨和胫骨相对于步态的横向，(3) 股骨颈前倾，(4) 髁扭转角，(5) 胫骨扭转，(6) 膝关节旋转对齐。结果：除了胫骨横向方向，健康膝关节和骨关节炎膝关节的对齐参数不同。在膝关节 OA 中，股骨颈前倾 - 股骨横向 (p = 0.001)、股骨横向 - 胫骨横向 (p < 0.001) 和胫骨横向 - 脚趾角 (p < 0.001) 相关。结论：骨关节炎膝关节显示股骨颈前倾与股骨横向相关，通过调整膝关节的旋转对齐来确定胫骨横向，导致脚趾角度。(4) 髁突扭转角，(5) 胫骨扭转，(6) 膝关节旋转对齐。结果：除了胫骨横向，健康膝关节和骨关节炎膝关节的对齐参数不同。在膝关节 OA 中，股骨颈前倾 - 股骨横向 (p = 0.001)、股骨横向 - 胫骨横向 (p < 0.001) 和胫骨横向 - 脚趾角 (p < 0.001) 相关。结论：骨关节炎膝关节显示股骨颈前倾与股骨横向相关，通过调整膝关节的旋转对齐来确定胫骨横向，导致脚趾角度。(4) 髁突扭转角，(5) 胫骨扭转，(6) 膝关节旋转对齐。结果：除了胫骨横向，健康膝关节和骨关节炎膝关节的对齐参数不同。在膝关节 OA 中，股骨颈前倾 - 股骨横向 (p = 0.001)、股骨横向 - 胫骨横向 (p < 0.001) 和胫骨横向 - 脚趾角 (p < 0.001) 相关。结论：骨关节炎膝关节显示股骨颈前倾与股骨横向相关，通过调整膝关节的旋转对齐来确定胫骨横向，导致脚趾角度。健康膝盖和骨关节炎膝盖不同。在膝关节 OA 中，股骨颈前倾 - 股骨横向 (p = 0.001)、股骨横向 - 胫骨横向 (p < 0.001) 和胫骨横向 - 脚趾角 (p < 0.001) 相关。结论：骨关节炎膝关节显示股骨颈前倾与股骨横向相关，通过调整膝关节的旋转对齐来确定胫骨横向，导致脚趾角度。健康膝盖和骨关节炎膝盖不同。在膝关节 OA 中，股骨颈前倾 - 股骨横向 (p = 0.001)、股骨横向 - 胫骨横向 (p < 0.001) 和胫骨横向 - 脚趾角 (p < 0.001) 相关。结论：骨关节炎膝关节显示股骨颈前倾与股骨横向相关，通过调整膝关节的旋转对齐来确定胫骨横向，导致脚趾角度。