Experiments are conducted to quantify leakage through holes in a geomembrane (GMB) overlain by tailings with 30% fines and underlain by a well-graded gravel. Analytical and empirical equations for predicting leakage through a circular hole are used to analyze the data. Test results show that changing the hole shape from circular to noncircular increases the leakage. Leakage through 2000 mm² triangular, diamond, and square holes are all 15% higher than the 2000 mm² circular hole. An increase by up to 33% is observed for a rectangular hole. The analytical equations for predicting leakage and head loss through a hole given by the modified Rowe-Booker equation are experimentally verified. The spatial distribution of fines content within about five diameters of the hole is shown to have a notable impact on leakage. Up to a 100% increase in leakage is detected due to 3% reduction in the fines content around the hole. For homogeneous tailings, the ratio of head loss within the hole and above the hole to total head loss are independent of consolidation stress and water head and primarily depend on the hole geometry (i.e., shape and size). Finally, the combined effect of tailings thickness and water head on leakage is discussed.

进行了实验以量化土工膜 (GMB) 中的孔渗漏，该土工膜 (GMB) 覆盖有 30% 细粒的尾矿，下方覆盖有分级良好的砾石。用于预测圆形孔泄漏的分析和经验方程用于分析数据。测试结果表明，将孔形状从圆形改为非圆形会增加泄漏。通过 2000 mm ²三角形、菱形和方孔的泄漏都比 2000 mm ²高 15%圆孔。观察到矩形孔的增加高达 33%。由改进的 Rowe-Booker 方程给出的预测通过孔的泄漏和水头损失的分析方程得到了实验验证。孔的大约五个直径内的细粒含量的空间分布显示出对泄漏具有显着影响。由于孔周围的细粉含量减少了 3%，因此检测到泄漏增加了 100%。对于均质尾矿，孔内和孔上方水头损失与总水头损失之比与固结应力和水头无关，主要取决于孔的几何形状（即形状和尺寸）。最后讨论了尾矿厚度和水头对渗漏的综合影响。