To prompt the use of driving automation in an appropriate and safe manner, system designers require knowledge about the dynamics of driver trust. To enhance this knowledge, this study manipulated prior information of a partial driving automation into two types (detailed and less) and investigated the effects of the information on the development of trust with respect to three trust attributions proposed by Muir (1994): predictability, dependability, and faith. Furthermore, a driving simulator generated two types of automation failures (limitation and malfunction), and at six instances during the study, 56 drivers completed questionnaires about their levels of trust in the automation. Statistical analysis found that trust ratings of automation steadily increased with the experience of simulation regardless of the drivers’ levels of knowledge. Automation failure led to a temporary decrease in trust ratings; however, the trust was rebuilt by a subsequent experience of flawless automation. Results showed that dependability was the most dominant belief of drivers’ trust throughout the whole experiment, regardless of their knowledge level. Interestingly, detailed analysis indicated that trust can be accounted by different attributions depending on the drivers’ circumstances: the subsequent experience of error-free automation after the exposure to automation failure led predictability to be a secondary predictive attribution of drivers’ trust in the detailed group whilst faith was consistently the secondary contributor to shaping trust in the less group throughout the experiment. These findings have implications for system design regarding transparency and for training methods and instruction aimed at improving driving safety in traffic environments with automated vehicles.

为了以适当和安全的方式促进驾驶自动化的使用，系统设计人员需要了解驾驶员信任的动态。为了增强这些知识，本研究将部分驾驶自动化的先验信息处理为两种类型（详细和较少），并根据 Muir (1994) 提出的三个信任属性研究了信息对信任发展的影响：可预测性、可靠性和信念。此外，驾驶模拟器产生了两种类型的自动化故障（限制和故障），在研究期间的六个实例中，56 名驾驶员完成了有关他们对自动化的信任程度的问卷调查。统计分析发现，无论驾驶员的知识水平如何，自动化的信任度都随着模拟经验的增加而稳步提高。自动化失败导致信任评级暂时下降；然而，随后的完美自动化体验重建了信任。结果表明，在整个实验中，可靠性是驾驶员信任的最主要信念，无论他们的知识水平如何。有趣的是，详细的分析表明，信任可以根据驾驶员的情况通过不同的归因来解释：在暴露于自动化失败后的后续无错误自动化经验导致可预测性成为驾驶员对详细组的信任的次要预测归因而在整个实验过程中，信念始终是塑造对少数群体的信任的次要因素。