Vγ9Vδ2⁺ T cells form part of the innate immune repertoire and are activated by phosphorylated antigens produced by many bacteria and tumors. They have long been suggested as promising targets for anti-tumor therapies, but clinical trials so far have not shown major successes. Several recent discoveries could help to overcome these shortfalls, such as those leading to an improved understanding of the role of butyrophilin molecules BTN2A1 and BTN3A1, in Vγ9Vδ2⁺ T cell activation. Moreover, we propose that studies suggesting the presence of live bacteria in a variety of tumors (tumor microbiome), indicate that the latter might be harnessed as a source of high affinity bacterial phosphoantigen to trigger or enhance anti-tumor immune responses.

Vγ9Vδ2 ⁺ T 细胞构成先天免疫库的一部分，并被许多细菌和肿瘤产生的磷酸化抗原激活。长期以来，它们一直被认为是抗肿瘤治疗的有希望的靶点，但迄今为止的临床试验尚未取得重大成功。最近的一些发现可能有助于克服这些不足，例如那些导致对嗜乳蛋白分子 BTN2A1 和 BTN3A1 在 Vγ9Vδ2 ⁺ T 细胞活化中的作用的更好理解。此外，我们建议研究表明在各种肿瘤（肿瘤微生物组）中存在活细菌，表明后者可能被用作高亲和力细菌磷酸抗原的来源，以触发或增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。