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Pig vaccination strategies based on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00567-3
J Daniel Dubreuil 1
Affiliation  

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are responsible for diarrhea in humans as well as in farm animals. ETEC infections in newborn, suckling, and especially in post-weaning piglets are associated with reduced growth rate, morbidity, and mortality. ETEC express virulence factors as adhesin and enterotoxins that play a central role in the pathogenic process. Adhesins associated with pigs are of diverse type being either fimbrial or non-fimbrial. Enterotoxins belong to two groups: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST). Heterogeneity of ETEC strains encompass expression of various fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41) and enterotoxins (LT, STa, STb, and EAST1). In the late years, attempts to immunize animals against neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea were focused on the development of anti-adhesin strategies as this is the initial step of ETEC pathogenesis. Although those vaccines demonstrated some protection against ETEC infections, as enterotoxins are pivotal to the virulence of ETEC, a new generation of vaccinal molecules, which include adhesin and one or more enterotoxins, were recently tested. Some of these newly developed chimeric fusion proteins are intended to control as well human diarrhea as enterotoxins are more or less common with the ones found in pigs. As these could not be tested in the natural host (human), either a mouse or pig model was substituted to evaluate the protection efficacy. For the advancement of pig vaccine, mice were sometimes used for preliminary testing. This review summarizes advances in the anti-enterotoxin immunization strategies considered in the last 10 years.



中文翻译:

基于产肠毒素大肠杆菌毒素的猪疫苗接种策略

产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC) 是造成人类和农场动物腹泻的原因。新生仔猪、哺乳仔猪,尤其是断奶仔猪的 ETEC 感染与生长速度、发病率和死亡率降低有关。ETEC 将毒力因子表达为粘附素和肠毒素,它们在致病过程中起核心作用。与猪相关的粘附素有多种类型,有菌毛的或非菌毛的。肠毒素分为两类:热不稳定 (LT) 和热稳定 (ST)。ETEC 菌株的异质性包括各种菌毛(F4、F5、F6、F18 和 F41)和肠毒素(LT、STa、STb 和 EAST1)的表达。近年来,针对新生儿和断奶后腹泻对动物进行免疫的尝试集中在抗粘附素策略的开发上,因为这是 ETEC 发病机制的第一步。尽管这些疫苗对 ETEC 感染具有一定的保护作用,但由于肠毒素对 ETEC 的毒力至关重要,因此最近对包括粘附素和一种或多种肠毒素在内的新一代疫苗分子进行了测试。这些新开发的嵌合融合蛋白中的一些旨在控制人类腹泻,因为肠毒素或多或少与猪中发现的肠毒素相同。由于这些无法在天然宿主(人)中进行测试,因此用小鼠或猪模型代替以评估保护功效。为了猪疫苗的进步,有时会使用小鼠进行初步测试。本综述总结了过去 10 年中考虑的抗肠毒素免疫策略的进展。由于肠毒素对 ETEC 的毒力至关重要,因此最近测试了包括粘附素和一种或多种肠毒素在内的新一代疫苗分子。这些新开发的嵌合融合蛋白中的一些旨在控制人类腹泻,因为肠毒素或多或少与猪中发现的肠毒素相同。由于这些无法在天然宿主(人)中进行测试,因此用小鼠或猪模型代替以评估保护功效。为了猪疫苗的进步,有时会使用小鼠进行初步测试。本综述总结了过去 10 年中考虑的抗肠毒素免疫策略的进展。由于肠毒素对 ETEC 的毒力至关重要,因此最近测试了包括粘附素和一种或多种肠毒素在内的新一代疫苗分子。这些新开发的嵌合融合蛋白中的一些旨在控制人类腹泻,因为肠毒素或多或少与猪中发现的肠毒素相同。由于这些无法在天然宿主(人)中进行测试,因此用小鼠或猪模型代替以评估保护功效。为了猪疫苗的进步,有时会使用小鼠进行初步测试。本综述总结了过去 10 年中考虑的抗肠毒素免疫策略的进展。这些新开发的嵌合融合蛋白中的一些旨在控制人类腹泻,因为肠毒素或多或少与猪中发现的肠毒素相同。由于这些无法在天然宿主(人)中进行测试,因此用小鼠或猪模型代替以评估保护功效。为了猪疫苗的进步,有时会使用小鼠进行初步测试。本综述总结了过去 10 年中考虑的抗肠毒素免疫策略的进展。这些新开发的嵌合融合蛋白中的一些旨在控制人类腹泻,因为肠毒素或多或少与猪中发现的肠毒素相同。由于这些无法在天然宿主(人)中进行测试,因此用小鼠或猪模型代替以评估保护功效。为了猪疫苗的进步,有时会使用小鼠进行初步测试。本综述总结了过去 10 年中考虑的抗肠毒素免疫策略的进展。

更新日期:2021-07-12
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