The Frith–Happé Animations Test, depicting interactions between triangles, is widely used to measure theory of mind (ToM) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This test began with recording, transcribing, and subjectively scoring participants' verbal descriptions, which consistently found ToM-specific difficulties in ASD. More recently in 2011, White et al. created a more objective version of this ToM test using multiple-choice questions. However, there has been surprisingly little uptake of this test, hence it is currently unclear if White et al.'s findings replicate. Further, the lack of an online version of the test may be hampering its use in large-scale studies and outside of research settings. Addressing these issues, we report the development of a web-based version of the Frith–Happé Animations Test for autistic and neurotypical adults. An online version of the test was developed in a large general population sample (study 1; N = 285) and online data were compared with those collected in a lab-based setting (study 2; N = 339). The new online test was then administered to adults with a clinical diagnosis of ASD and matched neurotypical controls (study 3; N = 231). Results demonstrated that the test could successfully be administered online to autistic adults, who showed ToM difficulties compared to neurotypical adults, replicating White et al.'s findings. Overall, we have developed a quicker, more objective, and web-based version of the Frith–Happé Animations Test that will be useful for social cognition research within and beyond the field of autism, with potential utility for clinical settings.

中文翻译：

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进一步发展 Frith–Happé 动画：对自闭症和神经典型成人的心理理论进行更快、更客观和基于网络的测试

Frith–Happé Animations Test 描述了三角形之间的相互作用，广泛用于测量自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的心理理论 (ToM) 能力。该测试从记录、转录和主观评分参与者的口头描述开始，始终发现 ASD 中 ToM 特定的困难。最近在 2011 年，White 等人。使用多项选择题创建了此 ToM 测试的更客观版本。然而，令人惊讶的是，这项测试的采用率很低，因此目前尚不清楚 White 等人的发现是否重复。此外，缺乏在线版本的测试可能会妨碍其在大规模研究和研究环境之外的使用。针对这些问题，我们报告了针对自闭症和神经典型成人的 Frith–Happé 动画测试的基于网络版本的开发。该测试的在线版本是在大型一般人群样本中开发的（研究 1；N  = 285）并将在线数据与在实验室环境中收集的数据进行比较（研究 2；N  = 339）。然后将新的在线测试用于临床诊断为 ASD 的成年人和匹配的神经典型对照（研究 3；N  = 231）。结果表明，该测试可以成功地在线用于自闭症成年人，与神经典型的成年人相比，他们表现出 ToM 困难，复制了怀特等人的发现。总体而言，我们开发了一个更快、更客观、基于网络的 Frith–Happé 动画测试版本，它将对自闭症领域内外的社会认知研究有用，并具有临床环境的潜在效用。