COVID-19 has infected over 163 million people and has resulted in over 3.9 million deaths. Regarding the tools and strategies to research the ongoing pandemic, spatial analysis has been increasingly utilized to study the impacts of COVID-19. This article provides a review of 221 scientific articles that used spatial science to study the pandemic published from June 2020 to December 2020. The main objectives are: to identify the tools and techniques used by the authors; to review the subjects addressed and their disciplines; and to classify the studies based on their applications. This contribution will facilitate comparisons with the body of work published during the first half of 2020, revealing the evolution of the COVID-19 phenomenon through the lens of spatial analysis. Our results show that there was an increase in the use of both spatial statistical tools (e.g., geographically weighted regression, Bayesian models, spatial regression) applied to socioeconomic variables and analysis at finer spatial and temporal scales. We found an increase in remote sensing approaches, which are now widely applied in studies around the world. Lockdowns and associated changes in human mobility have been extensively examined using spatiotemporal techniques. Another dominant topic studied has been the relationship between pollution and COVID-19 dynamics, which enhance the impact of human activities on the pandemic's evolution. This represents a shift from the first half of 2020, when the research focused on climatic and weather factors. Overall, we have seen a vast increase in spatial tools and techniques to study COVID-19 transmission and the associated risk factors.

中文翻译：

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2020 年下半年用于分析 COVID-19 动态的 GIS 方法回顾

COVID-19 已感染超过 1.63 亿人，并导致超过 390 万人死亡。关于研究当前流行病的工具和策略，空间分析已越来越多地用于研究 COVID-19 的影响。本文回顾了 2020 年 6 月至 2020 年 12 月发表的 221 篇利用空间科学研究大流行的科学文章。主要目标是：确定作者使用的工具和技术；审查所涉及的主题及其学科；并根据其应用对研究进行分类。这一贡献将有助于与 2020 年上半年发布的工作主体进行比较，通过空间分析的视角揭示 COVID-19 现象的演变。我们的结果表明，应用于社会经济变量和更精细空间和时间尺度分析的空间统计工具（例如，地理加权回归、贝叶斯模型、空间回归）的使用有所增加。我们发现遥感方法有所增加，这些方法现已广泛应用于世界各地的研究中。已经使用时空技术对封锁和人类流动性的相关变化进行了广泛的研究。研究的另一个主要主题是污染与 COVID-19 动态之间的关系，这增强了人类活动对大流行演变的影响。这代表了与 2020 年上半年相比的转变，当时该研究的重点是气候和天气因素。全面的，