Climate change is frequently predicted to result in dramatic increases in international migration, yet current research has largely failed to identify such movements in practice. This paper sheds light on this apparent paradox. Drawing on Hirschman’s treatise on Exit, Voice and Loyalty, we provide empirical evidence that voicing about climatic change, as captured through media reports, is associated with greater exposure to climate risks and lower emigration rates. Our finding is consistent with individuals’ variously responding to climatic change either by emigrating or remaining and voicing about climatic change, with the aim of influencing current mitigation, adaptation or compensation policies. Our results, in turn, have implications for policies aimed at shaping international migration patterns and the ability of governments and residents to voice their concerns about climate change.

人们经常预测气候变化会导致国际移民的急剧增加，但目前的研究在很大程度上未能在实践中确定此类移动。这篇论文阐明了这个明显的悖论。借鉴 Hirschman 关于退出、声音和忠诚度的论文，我们提供了实证证据，表明通过媒体报道表达气候变化与更大程度地暴露于气候风险和降低移民率有关。我们的发现与个人对气候变化的不同反应是一致的，无论是通过移民还是留下来表达气候变化，目的是影响当前的缓解、适应或补偿政策。我们的结果反过来，