It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.

众所周知，摄入富含饱和脂肪的饮食会导致代谢紊乱，如 2 型糖尿病、肥胖症和心血管疾病。最近的研究表明，高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 的摄入也与认知功能障碍有关。各种临床前研究已经证明了短期和长期 HFD 喂养对生化和行为改变的影响。本综述总结了用于评估 HFD 喂养对啮齿动物认知能力影响的研究和协议。此外，它还讨论了由 HFD 喂养改变的关键机制，例如胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、神经炎症、转录失调和突触可塑性丧失。伴随着这些，HFD 喂养还会改变大脑的血管成分，例如 BBB 完整性的丧失和脑血流量的减少。由于HFD喂养，这些因素很可能导致认知缺陷的发展。