Background

Employment standards (ES) include having a regular payday, regular breaks, the right to paid sick or vacation time, and paid wages. Inadequate ES contribute to the labour market vulnerability of workers; however, they are not typically considered to be risk factors for workplace injury. In a sample of Canadian workers, we examine the risk of injury associated with inadequate ES, independent of, and combined with inadequate workplace protections from workplace hazards.

Methods

Data from 2,803 adults working 15 hours or more/week in workplaces with at least five employees were analysed. We explored associations between exposure to workplace hazards with inadequate protections [termed occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability] and inadequate ES on workplace injury (physical or mental injury; injury requiring time off). Additive interaction models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of these exposures.

Results

Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES were independently associated with increased injury outcomes. Adjusted models showed an additive relationship for all injury outcomes between OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES. Statistically significant superadditive relationships were observed for physical injury risk with policy and procedure vulnerability plus inadequate ES [synergy index (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] and for overall OHS vulnerability plus inadequate ES (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02), suggesting a combined effect greater than independent effects.

Conclusion

Occupational health and safety vulnerability and inadequate ES are independently associated with workplace injury. For certain injury outcomes, the combined effect of OHS vulnerability and inadequate ES is greater than the independent effects of each individual exposure.

中文翻译：

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不利的就业和工作条件对加拿大工伤风险的影响

背景

就业标准 (ES) 包括有固定的发薪日、固定的休息时间、带薪病假或休假的权利以及带薪工资。ES 不足导致工人在劳动力市场上的脆弱性；然而，它们通常不被认为是工伤的危险因素。在加拿大工人的样本中，我们检查了与 ES 不足相关的伤害风险，独立于工作场所对工作场所危害的保护不足，并与之相结合。

方法

分析了 2,803 名在至少有 5 名员工的工作场所每周工作 15 小时或更长时间的成年人的数据。我们探讨了工作场所危害暴露与保护不足 [称为职业健康和安全 (OHS) 脆弱性] 与工作场所伤害（身体或精神伤害；需要休假的伤害）的 ES 不足之间的关联。加性相互作用模型用于检查这些暴露的独立和组合影响。

结果

职业健康和安全脆弱性以及 ES 不足与伤害结果增加独立相关。调整后的模型显示了 OHS 脆弱性和 ES 不足之间所有伤害结果的加性关系。在身体伤害风险与政策和程序脆弱性加上 ES 不足 [协同指数 (S) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.00] 和整体 OHS 脆弱性加上ES 不足 (S 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16-2.02），表明综合效应大于独立效应。

结论

职业健康和安全脆弱性以及 ES 不足与工伤独立相关。对于某些伤害结果，OHS 脆弱性和 ES 不足的综合影响大于每个单独暴露的独立影响。