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Assessment of Water Availability with SWAT Model: A Study on Ganga River
Journal of the Geological Society of India ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s12594-021-1760-9
Suman Bera 1 , Ramkrishna Maiti 1
Affiliation  

Availability of water flow for assessing in transboundary river basin is a crucial issue and is necessary for water sharing and management. As a Transboundary river, Ganga has created water conflict between India and Bangladesh, related to water sharing at Farakka. Under these circumstance, applying hydrological model SWAT, measurement and understanding of water availability is important. This paper examines the spatio-temporal distribution of surface water in the entire Ganga basin to understand the actual causes of water shortage during lean season. Based on DEM, slope, soil, LULC and weather data, the SWAT model has been run at the catchment scale with a good performance under R2 and NSE evaluation methods. The study shows that annually Ganga basin of India is rich in water (average 1216165.5 cumec) and majority of the catchments delivers enough water to the main stream but during lean season only above Ramganga, Ghaghara, Gandak and Yamuna lower are active, which together contributes 60.6% of the lean season water discharge to the main channel of Ganga. Likewise, India, annual discharge in Bangladesh (average 65764 cumec) is satisfactory, but lean season water flow has only 3% of the annual, is very meagre which affects actual water availability of northwestern part of the country. The study also established that actual evapotranspiration of the entire basin is much higher than precipitation during the lean season and indicated a great deviation between supply and demand which concluded water stress condition in the Ganga basin.



中文翻译:

用 SWAT 模型评估可用水量:恒河研究

用于评估跨界流域的水流量的可用性是一个关键问题,对于水资源共享和管理是必要的。作为一条跨界河流,恒河在印度和孟加拉国之间造成了与法拉卡共享水资源有关的水冲突。在这种情况下,应用水文模型 SWAT,测量和了解可用水量就显得尤为重要。本文通过考察整个恒河流域地表水的时空分布,了解淡季缺水的实际原因。基于 DEM、坡度、土壤、LULC 和天气数据,SWAT 模型已在流域尺度上运行,在 R 2下具有良好的性能和 NSE 评估方法。研究表明,印度的恒河盆地年均水量丰富(平均 1216165.5 cumec),大部分集水区向干流输送足够的水,但在淡季仅在 Ramganga、Ghaghara、Gandak 和 Yamuna 下游活跃,共同贡献60.6%的淡季水排入恒河主河道。同样,印度,孟加拉国的年排放量(平均 65764 cumec)令人满意,但淡季水流量仅为年的 3%,非常微薄,影响了该国西北部的实际可用水量。

更新日期:2021-07-12
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