Abstract

Objective: Changes in surroundings and social relationships may heighten feelings of loneliness, suggesting the need to measure as a state. This study tested whether loneliness fluctuates within and across days and the resultant associations with psychological distress. Further it tested familism as a moderator as endorsing this cultural value may buffer the negative effects of state loneliness. Participants: Participants (n = 220) were Latinx undergraduate students. Methods: Students reported their loneliness levels and psychological distress twice a day for two weeks using an ecological momentary assessment approach. Results: Results showed that experiencing a higher than usual level of loneliness predicted greater sadness, stress, and anxiety at both the moment-to-moment and day-to-day level. Familism, measured at baseline, only moderated the relationship between loneliness and sadness. Conclusions: The findings suggest being in a lonely moment may lead to the initiation or amplification of psychological distress immediately and the effects may linger over the day.

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1927051

摘要

目标：环境和社会关系的变化可能会加剧孤独感，表明需要作为一种状态来衡量。这项研究测试了孤独感是否在几天内和几天内波动，以及由此产生的与心理困扰的关联。此外，它还测试了家庭主义作为调节者的作用，因为认可这种文化价值观可能会缓冲国家孤独的负面影响。参与者：参与者（n  = 220）是拉丁裔本科生。方法：学生使用生态瞬时评估方法，在两周内每天两次报告他们的孤独程度和心理困扰。结果：结果表明，经历比平时更高水平的孤独感预示着每时每刻和日常都会有更大的悲伤、压力和焦虑。从基线测量来看，家庭主义仅调节孤独和悲伤之间的关系。结论：研究结果表明，处于孤独的时刻可能会立即导致心理困扰的产生或放大，并且这种影响可能会持续一整天。

本文的补充数据可以在线访问：https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2021.1927051