Abstract. Efficient electron transport layers (ETLs) play a pivotal role in the performance of solar cells. In recent years, Indium sulfide (In2S3) has been studied as a promising ETL in CuInGaS(e)2, Cu2ZnSnS(e)4, and perovskite solar cells. Despite several studies on spray-deposited In2S3, there is no complete experimental investigation on In2S3 thin films. The effect of the molar ratio of S/In and the type of indium precursor on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of sprayed-In2S3 layers has been studied. Films were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical transmission (UV-Vis), Mott–Schottky analysis, four-point probe, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The crystallinity and morphological characteristics are strongly influenced by the type of indium salt, where indium acetate precursor results in a highly porous film compared with nitrate and chloride precursors. The chloride precursor demonstrates better crystallinity and considerably lower sheet resistance. All films are n-type with a carrier concentration in the range of ∼2 × 1017 to ∼2 × 1018 cm − 3, with an indirect bandgap of 2.0 eV.

中文翻译：

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以太阳能电子传输层为目标的喷雾热解 In2S3 薄膜的研究

摘要。高效电子传输层 (ETL) 在太阳能电池的性能中起着关键作用。近年来，硫化铟 (In2S3) 已被研究作为 CuInGaS(e)2、Cu2ZnSnS(e)4 和钙钛矿太阳能电池中一种有前途的 ETL。尽管对喷涂沉积的 In2S3 进行了多项研究，但还没有对 In2S3 薄膜进行完整的实验研究。已经研究了 S/In 的摩尔比和铟前体的类型对喷涂 In2S3 层的结构、形态、光学和电学性能的影响。使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、光学透射 (UV-Vis)、莫特-肖特基分析、四点探针和循环伏安法测量对薄膜进行表征。结晶度和形态特征受铟盐类型的强烈影响，其中，与硝酸盐和氯化物前体相比，醋酸铟前体产生了高度多孔的薄膜。氯化物前体表现出更好的结晶度和相当低的薄层电阻。所有薄膜均为 n 型，载流子浓度范围为 ~2 × 1017 至 ~2 × 1018 cm - 3，间接带隙为 2.0 eV。