Small Business Economics ( IF 7.096 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s11187-021-00462-z Lina Aldén 1 , Spencer Bastani 2 , Mats Hammarstedt 3 , Chizheng Miao 1
We study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.
中文翻译:
长期自营职业的移民与本土差异
我们结合全人口登记数据和针对长期自雇总人口的大型代表性样本的独特调查,研究了瑞典长期自营职业的移民与本土差异。使用登记册,我们分析了自雇进入后前 10 年的劳动力和资本收入的演变。我们发现,在自谋职业的过程中,移民与本地人在劳动收入方面的差异变小,而移民与本地人在资本收入方面的差异变得更大。这些发现对于控制组织形式和行业类型等因素是稳健的。我们使用调查数据进一步了解长期个体经营者之间的移民与本土差异,并表明移民个体经营者遇到的问题更多,收入更少,但比本地个体经营者更努力地工作。他们与客户的私人关系也较少,不像当地人那样喜欢他们的工作,并且总体上似乎对自雇有不同的看法。