Mindfulness has been associated with fewer negative mental health symptoms during adolescence, but fewer studies have examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms in conjunction with two vulnerability factors for psychopathology with mindfulness: rumination and impulsivity. This study examined longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity over a one-year period among 352 Spanish adolescents (57.4% girls; M = 14.47, SD = 1.34). Participants completed self-reported measures of symptoms, mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity at two time points. Mindfulness negatively predicted stress and depressive symptoms, and a bidirectional negative association was found between mindfulness and impulsivity. Impulsivity positively predicted stress, and anxiety positively predicted depressive symptoms, stress, and rumination. This study highlights the importance of mindfulness as a protective factor and impulsivity and anxiety as risk factors for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence. These findings build on previous studies that examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms by including rumination and impulsivity’s roles.

正念与青春期负面心理健康症状的减少有关，但很少有研究检查正念和症状之间的纵向关联以及正念的精神病理学的两个脆弱性因素：反刍和冲动。本研究检查了 352 名西班牙青少年（57.4% 的女孩；M = 14.47，SD = 1.34）在一年期间内化症状（抑郁、焦虑、压力）、正念、反刍和冲动之间的纵向关联。参与者在两个时间点完成了症状、正念、反刍和冲动的自我报告测量。正念负向预测压力和抑郁症状，正念和冲动之间存在双向负相关。冲动积极预测压力，和焦虑积极预测抑郁症状、压力和反刍。这项研究强调了正念作为保护因素的重要性，以及冲动和焦虑作为在整个青春期内化症状的风险因素的重要性。这些发现建立在先前研究的基础上，这些研究通过包括反刍和冲动的作用来检查正念和症状之间的纵向关联。