Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations are currently rising at an unstoppable rate, and it is urgent to curb this trend for a stable and sustainable atmospheric environment. Under this adverse situation, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) applied to CO₂ capture and conversion has received increasing attention in recent years for mitigating greenhouse effects while biosynthesizing higher-value products. Research on the CO₂ capture and conversion in MES has been increasing in recent years, in 2020 alone, there has been more than 1400 papers concerning the bioelectrochemical CO₂ capture and conversion. In this review, the basics of bioelectrochemical systems are first briefly summarized to provide an overall understanding about them. Then, several commonly used electrode materials such as carbonaceous materials, metallic materials, and carbonaceous-metallic materials, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are illustrated. Additionally, the features of pure/mixed cultures are discussed in this review. In particular, many biobased products obtained from CO₂ conversion via MES are proposed systematically according to their respective carbon chain lengths. Finally, perspectives on how to improve the MES performance and enable this process to be more suitable and feasible for the industrialization of CO₂ capture and conversion are presented here.

大气二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 浓度目前正在以不可阻挡的速度上升，为了稳定和可持续的大气环境，迫切需要遏制这种趋势。在这种不利情况下，用于 CO ₂捕获和转化的微生物电合成 (MES)近年来因在生物合成高价值产品的同时减轻温室效应而受到越来越多的关注。近年来，MES中CO ₂捕获与转化的研究不断增加，仅2020年就有超过1400篇关于生物电化学CO _{2 的}论文捕获和转换。在这篇综述中，首先简要总结了生物电化学系统的基础知识，以提供对它们的全面了解。然后，阐述了几种常用的电极材料，如含碳材料、金属材料、含碳金属材料，以及它们的优缺点。此外，本综述还讨论了纯/混合培养的特征。特别是，许多通过MES从CO ₂转化获得的生物基产品根据它们各自的碳链长度被系统地提出。最后，关于如何提高 MES 性能并使该工艺更适合于 CO ₂工业化和可行的观点 此处介绍了捕获和转换。