Full-waveform inversion, a high-resolution seismic imaging method, is known to require sufficiently accurate initial models to converge toward meaningful estimations of the subsurface mechanical properties. This limitation is due to the nonconvexity of the least-squares distance with respect to the kinematic mismatch. We propose a comparison of five misfit functions promoted recently to mitigate this issue: adaptive waveform inversion, instantaneous envelope, normalized integration, and two methods based on optimal transport. We explain which principles these methods are based on and illustrate how they are designed to better handle kinematic mismatch than a least-squares misfit function. By doing so, we can exhibit specific limitations of these methods in canonical cases. We further assess the interest of these five approaches for application to field data based on a synthetic Marmousi case study. We illustrate how adaptive waveform inversion and the two methods based on optimal transport possess interesting properties, making them appealing strategies applicable to field data. Another outcome is the definition of generic tools to compare misfit functions for full-waveform inversion.

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关于全波反演的跳周期和失配函数修正：五种最新方法的比较

众所周知，全波形反演是一种高分辨率地震成像方法，需要足够准确的初始模型才能收敛到对地下机械特性的有意义的估计。这种限制是由于最小二乘距离相对于运动失配的非凸性。我们建议比较最近为缓解这个问题而推广的五种失配函数：自适应波形反演、瞬时包络、归一化积分和两种基于最佳传输的方法。我们解释了这些方法基于哪些原则，并说明它们如何设计为比最小二乘失配函数更好地处理运动失配。通过这样做，我们可以在规范情况下展示这些方法的特定局限性。我们基于综合 Marmousi 案例研究进一步评估了这五种方法应用于现场数据的兴趣。我们说明了自适应波形反演和基于最优传输的两种方法如何具有有趣的特性，使它们成为适用于现场数据的有吸引力的策略。另一个结果是定义了通用工具来比较全波形反演的失配函数。