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EXPRESS: Attention in Post-Lexical Processes of Utterance Production: Dual-Task Cost in Younger and Older Adults
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 , DOI: 10.1177/17470218211034130
Maryll Fournet 1, 2, 3 , Michaela Pernon 2, 4 , Sabina Catalano Chiuvé 2 , Ursula Lopez 2, 5 , Marina Laganaro 1
Affiliation  

There is a general agreement that speaking requires attention at least for conceptual and lexical processes of utterance production. However, conflicting results have been obtained with dual-task paradigms using either repetition tasks or more generally tasks involving limited loading of lexical selection. This study aimed to investigate whether post-lexical processes recruit attentional resources. We used a new dual-task paradigm in a set of experiments where a continuous verbal production task involved either high or low demand on lexical selection processes. Experiment 1 evaluates lexical and post-lexical processes with a semantic verbal fluency task, whereas experiments 2 and 3 focus on post-lexical processes with a non-propositional speech task. In each experiment, two types of non-verbal secondary tasks were used: processing speed (simple manual reaction times) or inhibition (Go/No-go). In Experiment 1, a dual-task cost was observed on the semantic verbal fluency task and each non-verbal task. In Experiment 2, a dual-task cost appeared on the non-verbal tasks but not on the speech task. The same paradigm was used with older adults (Experiment 3), as increased effort in post-lexical processes has been associated with ageing. For older adults, a dual-task cost was also observed on the non-propositional verbal task when speech was produced with the inhibition non-verbal task. The results suggest an attentional cost on post-lexical processes and strategic effects in the resolution of the dual-task.



中文翻译:

EXPRESS:话语产生的后词汇过程中的注意:年轻人和老年人的双重任务成本

人们普遍认为,说话至少需要注意话语产生的概念和词汇过程。然而,使用重复任务或更一般的涉及有限加载词汇选择的任务的双任务范式已经获得了相互矛盾的结果。本研究旨在调查后词汇过程是否会募集注意力资源。我们在一组实验中使用了一种新的双任务范式,其中连续的语言产生任务涉及对词汇选择过程的高要求或低要求。实验 1 使用语义语言流畅性任务评估词汇和后词汇过程,而实验 2 和 3 则侧重于具有非命题语音任务的词汇后过程。在每个实验中,使用了两种类型的非语言次要任务:处理速度(简单的手动反应时间)或抑制(Go/No-go)。在实验 1 中,在语义语言流畅性任务和每个非语言任务上观察到双任务成本。在实验 2 中,双任务成本出现在非语言任务上,但没有出现在语音任务上。对老年人使用相同的范式(实验 3),因为在后词汇过程中增加的努力与衰老有关。对于老年人,当通过抑制非语言任务产生语音时,在非命题语言任务中也观察到了双重任务成本。结果表明,在解决双重任务时,后词汇过程和战略效应的注意力成本。在实验 2 中,双任务成本出现在非语言任务上,但没有出现在语音任务上。对老年人使用相同的范式(实验 3),因为在后词汇过程中增加的努力与衰老有关。对于老年人,当通过抑制非语言任务产生语音时,在非命题语言任务中也观察到了双重任务成本。结果表明,在解决双重任务时,后词汇过程和战略效应的注意力成本。在实验 2 中,双任务成本出现在非语言任务上,但没有出现在语音任务上。对老年人使用相同的范式(实验 3),因为在后词汇过程中增加的努力与衰老有关。对于老年人,当通过抑制非语言任务产生语音时,在非命题语言任务中也观察到了双重任务成本。结果表明,在解决双重任务时,后词汇过程和战略效应的注意力成本。当通过抑制非语言任务产生语音时,在非命题语言任务上也观察到了双重任务成本。结果表明,在解决双重任务时,后词汇过程和战略效应的注意力成本。当通过抑制非语言任务产生语音时,在非命题语言任务上也观察到了双重任务成本。结果表明,在解决双重任务时,后词汇过程和战略效应的注意力成本。

更新日期:2021-07-09
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