Breast cancer is one of the most challenging cancers among women which is considered one of the most lethal cancers to this date. From the time that cancer has been discovered, finding the best therapeutic method is still an ongoing process. As a novel therapeutic method, nanomedicine has brought a vast number of materials that could versatilely be used as a drug carrier. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel black pomegranate peel extract loaded with chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles to treat breast cancer cells. The morphology and size distribution of the nanoparticles studied by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, scanning, and transitional electron microscopy showed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and their promising size range. Studies by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and zeta sizer confirmed the synthesis, substantial crystallinity, magnetic potential of the nanoparticles, and their satisfactory stability. The DPPH assay revealed that the obtained black pomegranate peel extract has 60% free radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity studies by MTT and LDH assay carried out on NIH/3T3, MBA-MB-231, and 4T1 cells confirmed that the magnetic nanoparticles had no significant cytotoxicity on the cells. However, the drug-loaded nanoparticles could significantly eradicate cancerous cells which had more efficiency comparing to free drug. Furthermore, free drug and drug-loaded nanoparticles had no toxic effect on normal cells. Owing to the results achieved from this study, the novel drug-loaded nanoparticles are compatible to be used for breast cancer treatment and could potentially be used for further in vivo studies.

中文翻译：

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通过新型载药壳聚糖包裹的磁性纳米粒子递送乳腺癌药物

乳腺癌是女性中最具挑战性的癌症之一，被认为是迄今为止最致命的癌症之一。从发现癌症开始，寻找最佳治疗方法仍然是一个持续的过程。作为一种新的治疗方法，纳米医学带来了大量可用作药物载体的材料。本研究的目的是开发一种新型黑石榴皮提取物，其负载有壳聚糖涂层的磁性纳米颗粒，用于治疗乳腺癌细胞。通过动态光散射、原子力显微镜、扫描和过渡电子显微镜研究的纳米颗粒的形态和尺寸分布显示了纳米颗粒的球形形状及其有希望的尺寸范围。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、振动样品磁力计和 zeta sizer 证实了纳米颗粒的合成、基本结晶度、磁势及其令人满意的稳定性。DPPH 测定表明，所获得的黑石榴皮提取物具有 60% 的自由基清除活性。通过 MTT 和 LDH 测定对 NIH/3T3、MBA-MB-231 和 4T1 细胞进行的细胞毒性研究证实磁性纳米颗粒对细胞没有显着的细胞毒性。然而，与游离药物相比，载药纳米颗粒可以显着根除癌细胞，具有更高的效率。此外，游离药物和载药纳米颗粒对正常细胞没有毒性作用。由于本研究取得的成果，