In a recent article we presented a model for hadronic rescattering, and some results were shown for \(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\) collisions at LHC energies. In order to extend the studies to \(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {A}\) and \(\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}\) collisions, the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisions is taken as the starting point. Both these models are implemented within the general-purpose Monte Carlo event generator Pythia, which makes the matching reasonably straightforward, and allows for detailed studies of the full space–time evolution. The rescattering rate is significantly higher than in \(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\), especially for central \(\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}\) collisions, where the typical primary hadron rescatters several times. We study the impact of rescattering on a number of distributions, such as \(p_{\perp }\) and \(\eta \) spectra, and the space–time evolution of the whole collision process. Notably rescattering is shown to give a significant contribution to elliptic flow in \(\mathrm {XeXe}\) and \(\mathrm {PbPb}\), and to give a nontrivial impact on charm production.

在最近的一篇文章中，我们提出了一个强子再散射模型，并展示了LHC 能量下\(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\)碰撞的一些结果。为了将研究扩展到\(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {A}\)和\(\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}\)碰撞，重离子碰撞的Angantyr模型被视为初始点。这两个模型都在通用蒙特卡罗事件生成器Pythia 中实现，这使得匹配相当简单，并允许对完整的时空演化进行详细研究。重新散射率明显高于\(\mathrm {p}\mathrm {p}\)，特别是对于中央\(\mathrm {A}\mathrm {A}\)碰撞，其中典型的主强子重新散射多次。我们研究了重新散射对许多分布的影响，例如\(p_{\perp }\)和\(\eta \)光谱，以及整个碰撞过程的时空演化。值得注意的是，重新散射对\(\mathrm {XeXe}\)和\(\mathrm {PbPb}\) 中的椭圆流做出了重大贡献，并对魅力产生产生了重要影响。