The paper presents the study results on the structure and yield strengths of 0.8–2.0 mm thick dispersion-strengthened condensates produced by an electron beam evaporation with subsequent deposition of vapor phase onto metal substrates. Pure metals of Fe, Ni, Cu, W, and the ZrO₂, Al₂O₃, NbC, TiC, TiB₂, ZrB₂ refractory compounds were used as metal matrices and strengthening phases, correspondingly. The two-phase condensates in a form of 120 mm × 200 mm × (0.8–2.0) mm plates with variable content of dispersed particles along the length of specimens were produced by simultaneous evaporation of the chosen metal and refractory compound from two independent water-cooled copper crucibles. The process is followed by condensation of vapor mixture onto planar steel and niobium substrates. The Fe, Ni, Cu, W ingots with a diameter of 69 mm and length of 160–200 mm served as initial metal materials. The ingots were produced by an electron beam remelting of Armco iron, NP-0 nickel, M0 copper and compacted powder tungsten rods, respectively, as well as sintered pressed rods of commercially pure refractory compounds (ZrO₂ + 5% CaO), Al₂O₃, NbC, TiC, TiB₂, ZrB₂ with a diameter of 48 mm and 60 mm long. The temperature of substrates was 600°C for iron, 650, 850, 1100°C for nickel, 750°C for copper (steel substrates), and 1200, 1400, 1600°C for tungsten (niobium substrates). Such temperatures were maintained through continuous electron beam heating of metals in scanning mode. The choice of substrate temperatures was determined by the necessity to obtain optimal mechanical properties and structure of metallic matrices. Vacuum value amounted to (1.33 · 10^–2)–(6.66 · 10^–3) Pa. The introduction of various types and amounts of dispersed particles into metal matrices has a major influence on the refining of the structure of condensates. It was shown that the strength of composites depends on a volume content of the strengthening phase, particle size, and a dislocation structure developed during plastic deformation. The dispersoid type affects the rate of the dislocation structure formation in two-phase composites considering the wettability of the strengthening particles with matrix metal.

本文介绍了对 0.8-2.0 毫米厚的分散强化冷凝物的结构和屈服强度的研究结果，该冷凝物由电子束蒸发产生，随后气相沉积到金属基材上。Fe、Ni、Cu、W、ZrO ₂、Al ₂ O ₃、NbC、TiC、TiB ₂、ZrB _{2 等}纯金属相应地，耐火化合物被用作金属基体和强化相。两相冷凝物呈 120 mm × 200 mm × (0.8-2.0) mm 板状，沿试样长度具有不同含量的分散颗粒，是通过从两个独立的水-冷却铜坩埚。该过程之后是蒸气混合物冷凝到平面钢和铌基板上。直径为 69 毫米、长度为 160-200 毫米的 Fe、Ni、Cu、W 锭作为初始金属材料。这些锭分别是通过电子束重熔 Armco 铁、NP-0 镍、M0 铜和压实粉末钨棒，以及商业纯耐火化合物 (ZrO ₂+ 5% CaO)、Al ₂ O ₃、NbC、TiC、TiB ₂、ZrB ₂，直径为 48 mm，长 60 mm。基材的温度为铁为 600°C，镍为 650、850、1100°C，铜（钢基材）为 750°C，钨（铌基材）为 1200、1400、1600°C。通过以扫描模式对金属进行连续电子束加热来维持这样的温度。基材温度的选择取决于获得最佳机械性能和金属基体结构的必要性。真空值达 (1.33 · 10 ^–2 )-(6.66 · 10 ^–3) Pa. 将各种类型和数量的分散颗粒引入金属基体中，对缩合物结构的细化具有重要影响。结果表明，复合材料的强度取决于强化相的体积含量、粒径和塑性变形过程中产生的位错结构。考虑到强化颗粒与基体金属的润湿性，分散体类型影响两相复合材料中位错结构的形成速率。