The use of powder-cored wires as electrodes for electrospark deposition (ESD) of coatings onto quenched and low-tempered steel 45 was studied. An industrial PP-Np-PD80Kh20R3T powder-cored wire (PW) and a combined powder-cored wire with an MPG-7 graphite addition (PWG) were applied. The mechanical characteristics peculiar to the surface layer of electrospark-deposited coatings produced from the powder-cored wires (hardness HV, friction coefficient μ, elastic strain energy A_elast, and plastic strain energy A_plast) were quantified. The indenter loading and kinetic indentation depth curves were plotted. Variations in penetration depth P_d and recovery depth R_d of the indenter in scratch tests of the ESD coatings produced from the powder-cored wires were illustrated. Characteristic changes in the mechanical characteristics at a preset indenter penetration depth and the microstructure of the ESD powder-cored coatings subjected to scratch tests were examined. The wear rate of the ESD coatings deposited with PW and PWG electrodes was established as a function of specific loading, sliding speed, and testing time. Variations in roughness of the friction surfaces and temperatures in the contact area in dry sliding friction conditions were studied. The PWG coating showed 24% higher hardness than the PW coating did and 10% lower friction coefficient determined by indentation. The roughness of the PWG coating increased by 10% when loading changed from 3 to 7 MPa. The PWG coating (pin-on-disk friction test) had 2.5 times higher wear resistance than the PW coating did, and the disk (counterface) had 28% lower wear. A slight increase of temperature in the tribological contact area was not found to soften the coating or substrate (quenched and low-tempered steel 45) but promoted regeneration of the protective oxide layer and favorably influenced the friction process. Both materials produced from the powder-cored wires (PW and PWG) exhibited normal mechanochemical wear in experimental conditions. The high wear resistance of the ESD coatings produced from the powder-cored wires in dry friction conditions indicated that they would be beneficial for strengthening and improving the life of various machine parts and mechanisms in industrial mechanical engineering.

研究了使用粉末芯焊丝作为电极将涂层电火花沉积 (ESD) 到淬火和低回火钢 45 上。应用了工业 PP-Np-PD80Kh20R3T 粉芯焊丝 (PW) 和添加了 MPG-7 石墨 (PWG) 的复合粉芯焊丝。由粉末芯线生产的电火花沉积涂层的表面层特有的机械特性（硬度HV、摩擦系数μ、弹性应变能A _elast和塑性应变能A _plast）被量化。绘制了压头载荷和动力学压痕深度曲线。穿透深度 P _d和恢复深度 R _{d 的变化}说明了压头在由粉末芯线制成的 ESD 涂层的划痕测试中的变化。检查了预设压头穿透深度下机械特性的特征变化以及经受划痕测试的 ESD 粉末芯涂层的微观结构。用 PW 和 PWG 电极沉积的 ESD 涂层的磨损率被确定为特定载荷、滑动速度和测试时间的函数。研究了在干滑动摩擦条件下摩擦表面粗糙度和接触区域温度的变化。PWG 涂层的硬度比 PW 涂层高 24%，由压痕确定的摩擦系数低 10%。当负载从 3 MPa 变为 7 MPa 时，PWG 涂层的粗糙度增加了 10%。PWG 涂层（销盘摩擦试验）有 2。耐磨性比 PW 涂层高 5 倍，而圆盘（配合面）的磨损降低了 28%。摩擦接触区域温度的轻微升高并未发现涂层或基材（淬火和低温回火钢 45）的软化，但促进了保护性氧化层的再生，并对摩擦过程产生了有利的影响。由粉芯焊丝（PW 和 PWG）生产的两种材料在实验条件下都表现出正常的机械化学磨损。由粉末芯线在干摩擦条件下生产的 ESD 涂层的高耐磨性表明它们将有利于加强和提高工业机械工程中各种机械零件和机构的寿命。摩擦接触区域温度的轻微升高并未发现涂层或基材（淬火和低温回火钢 45）的软化，但促进了保护性氧化层的再生，并对摩擦过程产生了有利的影响。由粉芯焊丝（PW 和 PWG）生产的两种材料在实验条件下都表现出正常的机械化学磨损。由粉末芯线在干摩擦条件下生产的 ESD 涂层的高耐磨性表明它们将有利于加强和提高工业机械工程中各种机械零件和机构的寿命。摩擦接触区域温度的轻微升高并未发现涂层或基材（淬火和低温回火钢 45）的软化，但促进了保护性氧化层的再生，并对摩擦过程产生了有利的影响。由粉芯焊丝（PW 和 PWG）生产的两种材料在实验条件下都表现出正常的机械化学磨损。由粉末芯线在干摩擦条件下生产的 ESD 涂层的高耐磨性表明它们将有利于加强和提高工业机械工程中各种机械零件和机构的寿命。