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Microclimate and land surface temperature in a biodiversity enriched oil palm plantation
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119480
Laura Somenguem Donfack 1, 2 , Alexander Röll 3 , Florian Ellsäßer 3 , Martin Ehbrecht 1 , Bambang Irawan 4 , Dirk Hölscher 3, 5 , Alexander Knohl 5, 6 , Holger Kreft 2, 5 , Eduard J. Siahaan 4 , Leti Sundawati 7 , Christian Stiegler 6 , Delphine Clara Zemp 2, 5, 8
Affiliation  

Agroforestry options such as mixed-species tree planting and natural regeneration in oil palm plantations may alleviate negative effects of forest loss on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The effects of agroforestry on microclimate and land surface temperatures (LST) remain largely unknown despite their central role in controlling abiotic and biotic factors and in buffering climate at a larger scale. We assessed spatial and temporal microclimate and LST variability in a biodiversity enrichment experiment, in which tree islands have been planted in an oil palm plantation in Sumatra (Indonesia). Four years after establishment of the experiment, we measured microclimate and LST using mini microclimate sensors and drone-recorded thermal images. We examined experimental effects of tree species richness (0, 1, 2, 3 or 6), plot size (25 m2, 100 m2, 400 m2, 1600 m2) and stand structural complexity on microclimate and LST. Diurnal patterns showed ambient air temperature peaks and relative humidity (RH) minima at 3 pm, whereas diurnal soil temperatures peaked around 6 pm. The lowest LST were observed from oil palm canopy leaves and the highest from bare soils and understorey vegetation (including trees). Spatial and temporal ranges of ambient air temperature were smaller than LST ranges, and average ambient air temperature and LST were positively correlated. Tree species diversity had no overall significant effect neither on microclimate nor LST, but humidity was higher in planted tree islands compared to natural regeneration only. Smaller plots were characterized by higher mean air, soil and LST, compared to larger plots. Structurally complex plots were associated with low mean and maximum values of ambient air temperature, soil temperature and LST and high mean and minimum RH. Still, conditions were hotter and drier in several experimental plots compared to conventional oil palm plantations, considering a higher transpiration in the latest. We conclude that stand structural complexity and tree island size control microclimate and LST in the experimental oil palm agroforests, but alleviating the harsh microclimate conditions in oil palm plantations might take longer to occur.



中文翻译:

生物多样性丰富的油棕种植园的小气候和地表温度

混合种树种植和油棕种植园的自然更新等农林业选择可能会减轻森林丧失对生物多样性和生态系统功能的负面影响。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 尽管农林业在控制非生物和生物因素以及在更大范围内缓冲气候方面发挥着核心作用,但农林业对小气候和地表温度 (LST) 的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。我们在一项生物多样性丰富实验中评估了时空小气候和 LST 变异性,其中在苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)的油棕种植园种植了树岛。实验建立四年后,我们使用微型小气候传感器和无人机记录的热图像测量了小气候和 LST。我们检查了树种丰富度(0、1、2、3 或 6)、地块大小(25 m2 , 100 m 2 , 400 m 2 , 1600 m 2) 并在小气候和 LST 上保持结构复杂性。昼夜模式显示环境气温峰值和相对湿度 (RH) 最小值在下午 3 点,而昼夜土壤温度在下午 6 点左右达到峰值。最低的 LST 来自油棕树冠叶,最高的来自裸露土壤和下层植被(包括树木)。环境气温时空范围均小于LST范围,平均环境气温与LST呈正相关。树种多样性对小气候和 LST 都没有整体显着影响,但与仅自然更新相比,种植树岛的湿度更高。与较大的地块相比,较小的地块具有更高的平均空气、土壤和 LST。结构复杂的地块与环境空气温度、土壤温度和 LST 的低平均值和最大值以及高平均和最小 RH 值有关。尽管如此,考虑到最近的蒸腾作用更高,与传统油棕种植园相比,几个试验地的条件更热、更干燥。我们得出结论,林分结构复杂性和树岛大小控制了实验油棕农林中的小气候和 LST,但缓解油棕种植园恶劣的小气候条件可能需要更长的时间才能发生。

更新日期:2021-07-09
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