Abstract

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to public health. The shortcomings of diagnostic tools, especially those that are antibody-based, have been blamed in part for the rising annual morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. Antibodies harbor a number of disadvantages that can be clearly addressed by aptamers as the more promising molecular recognition elements. Aptamers are defined as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit high binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules based on their unique structural conformations. A number of aptamers were developed against mosquito-borne pathogens such as Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium parasite, Francisella tularensis, Japanese encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Yellow fever virus. Intrigued by these achievements, we carry out a comprehensive overview of the aptamers developed against these mosquito-borne infectious agents. Characteristics of the aptamers and their roles in diagnostic, therapeutic as well as other applications are emphasized.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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针对蚊媒病原体分离的适体

摘要

蚊媒疾病是对公众健康的主要威胁。诊断工具的缺陷，尤其是那些基于抗体的工具，部分归咎于这些疾病引起的年发病率和死亡率上升。抗体具有许多缺点，作为更有前途的分子识别元件，适配体可以清楚地解决这些缺点。适体被定义为由 SELEX 生成的单链 DNA 或 RNA 寡核苷酸，基于其独特的结构构象，对多种靶分子表现出高结合亲和力和特异性。针对登革热病毒、寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、疟原虫等蚊媒病原体开发了许多适体寄生虫、土拉弗朗西斯菌、日本脑炎病毒、委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒、裂谷热病毒和黄热病病毒。对这些成就感兴趣，我们对针对这些蚊媒传染因子开发的适体进行了全面概述。强调了适体的特征及其在诊断、治疗和其他应用中的作用。

图形摘要