Many practitioners in the software-intensive embedded industry often face difficulties after beginning their careers due to misalignment of the skills learned at the university with what is required in the workplace. Companies spend crucial resources to train personnel whose academic backgrounds are not only based on “computing disciplines” but also on non-computing ones. Analyzing the gap between the software industry and academia is important for three reasons: (1) for employers, hiring properly trained practitioners allows them to spend less time in training them while incorporating them more efficiently into the workforce; (2) for practitioners, knowing the most important skillset is helpful to increase their chance of employability; and (3) for academia, understanding the necessary skillset is critical to making curriculum changes. To achieve these objectives, we conducted a survey that yielded responses from 659 software professionals working worldwide in different roles. In this study, we only included the responses of 393 embedded software practitioners whose undergraduate degree was completed in Turkey, working in 10 countries. This article sheds light on the most important skills in the embedded software industry by presenting various cross-factor analyses. Understanding the coverage of these skills in the curriculum (mostly in Turkish universities) helps bridge the gaps, which can and should be achieved through more Industry Academia Collaborations (IACs).

中文翻译：

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行业中的技能差距

软件密集型嵌入式行业的许多从业者在开始他们的职业生涯后经常会遇到困难，因为在大学学到的技能与工作场所所需的技能不一致。公司花费关键资源来培训学术背景不仅基于“计算学科”而且还基于非计算学科的人才。分析软件行业和学术界之间的差距很重要，原因有三个：（1）对于雇主而言，雇用经过适当培训的从业人员可以让他们花更少的时间培训他们，同时更有效地将他们纳入劳动力队伍；(2) 对于从业者而言，了解最重要的技能有助于增加他们的就业机会；(3) 对于学术界来说，了解必要的技能组合对于进行课程改革至关重要。为了实现这些目标，我们进行了一项调查，得到了来自全球 659 名不同角色的软件专业人士的反馈。在这项研究中，我们只包括了 393 名在土耳其完成本科学位的嵌入式软件从业者的回答，他们在 10 个国家工作。本文通过介绍各种交叉因素分析来阐明嵌入式软件行业中最重要的技能。了解这些技能在课程中的覆盖范围（主要是在土耳其大学中）有助于弥合差距，这可以而且应该通过更多的行业学术界合作 (IAC) 来实现。我们只包括了 393 名在土耳其完成本科学位的嵌入式软件从业者的回答，他们在 10 个国家工作。本文通过介绍各种交叉因素分析来阐明嵌入式软件行业中最重要的技能。了解这些技能在课程中的覆盖范围（主要是在土耳其大学中）有助于弥合差距，这可以而且应该通过更多的行业学术界合作 (IAC) 来实现。我们只包括了 393 名在土耳其完成本科学位的嵌入式软件从业者的回答，他们在 10 个国家工作。本文通过介绍各种交叉因素分析来阐明嵌入式软件行业中最重要的技能。了解这些技能在课程中的覆盖范围（主要是在土耳其大学中）有助于弥合差距，这可以而且应该通过更多的行业学术界合作 (IAC) 来实现。