Genomics research has relied principally on the establishment and curation of a reference genome for the species. However, it is increasingly recognized that a single reference genome cannot fully describe the extent of genetic variation within many widely distributed species. Pangenome representations are based on high-quality genome assemblies of multiple individuals and intended to represent the broadest possible diversity within a species. A Bovine Pangenome Consortium (BPC) has recently been established to begin assembling genomes from more than 600 recognized breeds of cattle, together with other related species to provide information on ancestral alleles and haplotypes. Previously reported de novo genome assemblies for Angus, Brahman, Hereford, and Highland breeds of cattle are part of the initial BPC effort. The present report describes a complete single haplotype assembly at chromosome-scale for a fullblood Simmental cow from an F1 bison–cattle hybrid fetus by trio binning. Simmental cattle, also known as Fleckvieh due to their red and white spots, originated in central Europe in the 1830s as a triple-purpose breed selected for draught, meat, and dairy production. There are over 50 million Simmental cattle in the world, known today for their fast growth and beef yields. This assembly (ARS_Simm1.0) is similar in length to the other bovine assemblies at 2.86 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 102 Mb (max scaffold 156.8 Mb) and meets or exceeds the continuity of the best Bos taurus reference assemblies to date.

中文翻译：

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西门塔尔牛（Bos taurus taurus）的参考基因组组装

基因组学研究主要依赖于物种参考基因组的建立和管理。然而，人们越来越认识到，单个参考基因组不能完全描述许多广泛分布的物种中遗传变异的程度。Pangenome 表示基于多个个体的高质量基因组组装，旨在表示一个物种内最广泛的可能多样性。最近成立了一个牛泛基因组联盟 (BPC)，开始组装来自 600 多个公认的牛品种的基因组，以及其他相关物种，以提供有关祖先等位基因和单倍型的信息。先前报道的安格斯、婆罗门、赫里福德和高地牛品种的从头基因组组装是最初 BPC 工作的一部分。本报告描述了从 F1 野牛-牛杂交胎儿的全血西门塔尔奶牛通过三重装箱在染色体尺度上进行的完整的单一单倍型组装。西门塔尔牛，因其红色和白色的斑点而被称为 Fleckvieh，起源于 1830 年代的中欧，是一种三重用途品种，用于生吃、肉类和奶制品生产。世界上有超过 5000 万头西门塔尔牛，如今以其快速生长和牛肉产量而闻名。该组件 (ARS_Simm1.0) 与其他牛组件的长度相似，为 2.86 Gb，支架 N50 为 102 Mb（最大支架 156.8 Mb），达到或超过了迄今为止最好的 Bos taurus 参考组件的连续性。西门塔尔牛，因其红色和白色的斑点而被称为 Fleckvieh，起源于 1830 年代的中欧，是一种三重用途品种，用于生吃、肉类和奶制品生产。世界上有超过 5000 万头西门塔尔牛，如今以其快速生长和牛肉产量而闻名。该组件 (ARS_Simm1.0) 与其他牛组件的长度相似，为 2.86 Gb，支架 N50 为 102 Mb（最大支架 156.8 Mb），达到或超过了迄今为止最好的 Bos taurus 参考组件的连续性。西门塔尔牛，因其红色和白色的斑点而被称为 Fleckvieh，起源于 1830 年代的中欧，是一种三重用途品种，用于生吃、肉类和奶制品生产。世界上有超过 5000 万头西门塔尔牛，如今以其快速生长和牛肉产量而闻名。该组件 (ARS_Simm1.0) 与其他牛组件的长度相似，为 2.86 Gb，支架 N50 为 102 Mb（最大支架 156.8 Mb），达到或超过了迄今为止最好的 Bos taurus 参考组件的连续性。