ABSTRACT

This study was concerned with associations between narcissism, childhood trauma, dissociation, attachment styles, and depression among young adults. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Relationship Styles Questionnaire, Beck Depression Scale, and the Five-Factor Narcissism Questionnaire were administered to 422 college students. Multivariate analyses revealed that childhood sexual abuse, physical neglect, both fearful and secure attachment styles, dissociation, and male gender predicted grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissism was predicted by preoccupied attachment, depression, and female gender. Dissociative taxon members (n = 133, 31.5%) had elevated scores on all childhood trauma types, fearful attachment, and both vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. While there was a link between bodily childhood maltreatment, dissociation, and grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism was related to loss of perceived security in relationships and depression. Representing ambivalence and an indirect link between childhood trauma and vulnerable narcissism, depression was associated with both emotional neglect and overprotection-overcontrol, and fearful and preoccupied attachment. Depression and grandiose narcissism as co-predictors of pathological dissociation fitted the concept of “dissociative depression”, which constituted an interface between two aspects of narcissism. Narcissism may be a trans-generational carrier of trauma as a fertile ground for dissociation. The escalation of dissociation among young adults in Turkey to an almost normative level may also be a consequence of the drastic transformations in the country throughout the period of globalism nurturing post-modern individualism in a conservative society. The trans-diagnostic overlap between two psychopathologies suggested that potential interference of concurrent dissociation needs to be considered in psychotherapy of narcissism and vice versa.

摘要

这项研究关注自恋、童年创伤、分离、依恋风格和年轻人抑郁之间的关联。对 422 名大学生进行了童年创伤问卷、分离体验量表 (DES)、关系风格问卷、贝克抑郁量表和五因素自恋问卷。多变量分析显示，童年时期的性虐待、身体上的忽视、恐惧和安全的依恋风格、分离和男性预测了夸大的自恋。全神贯注的依恋、抑郁和女性性别预测了脆弱的自恋。分离性分类群成员（n = 133, 31.5%）在所有童年创伤类型、恐惧依恋以及脆弱和夸大的自恋方面得分较高。虽然童年时期的身体虐待、分离和夸大的自恋之间存在联系，但脆弱的自恋与在人际关系中失去安全感和抑郁有关。抑郁症代表矛盾心理和童年创伤与脆弱的自恋之间的间接联系，与情绪忽视和过度保护-过度控制以及恐惧和全神贯注的依恋有关。抑郁症和夸大自恋作为病理性分离的共同预测因子，符合“分离性抑郁症”的概念，构成了自恋两个方面之间的接口。自恋可能是创伤的跨代载体，是分裂的沃土。土耳其年轻人之间的分裂升级到几乎规范的水平，也可能是该国在保守社会中培育后现代个人主义的全球主义时期急剧转变的结果。两种精神病理学之间的跨诊断重叠表明，在自恋的心理治疗中需要考虑并发分离的潜在干扰，反之亦然。