A holistic appraisal of three non-edible biofuel plants, with in depth analysis of their environmental impact, socioeconomic potential, and contribution to rural and circular bio-economy is the main focus of this review. Bioenergy is designated as a smart option to mitigate energy-based demands of an escalating human population, the resultant environmental pollution, and challenges of climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first concerted and comparative assessment of Jatropha curcas, Pongamia pinnata and Mesua ferrea as biofuel resources, with concurrent evaluation of the environmental and socioeconomic perspectives. Ease of availability, non-edibility, higher biomass, and resilience to climatic variations, render them potential biofuel capital for a cleaner and greener future. Their environmental perspectives are critically assessed in this review based on the roles in phytoremediation, bioadsorption, carbon sequestration, and soil conditioning. The detailed analysis of biogas, biopesticide, cosmetic products, and biofuel yield, reinforce the economic potential of the three plants under review. The socioeconomic implications, practical challenges, and limitations of crops for biofuel, especially in the predominantly rural, low income, agrarian milieu, are comprehensively discussed. Therefore, in the concluding section, the review offers new directions for policies and frameworks toward sustainable and circular bio-economy in biofuel sector.

本次审查的主要重点是对三个非食用生物燃料工厂的整体评估，并对其环境影响、社会经济潜力以及对农村和循环生物经济的贡献进行深入分析。生物能源被指定为一种明智的选择，以缓解不断增长的人口对能源的需求、由此产生的环境污染和气候变化的挑战。据我们所知，这是对麻疯树、黄水仙和Mesua ferrea的首次协调一致的比较评估作为生物燃料资源，同时评估环境和社会经济观点。易于获得、不可食用、更高的生物量和对气候变化的适应能力，使它们成为实现更清洁和更绿色未来的潜在生物燃料资本。本综述根据植物修复、生物吸附、碳封存和土壤调节中的作用，对它们的环境观点进行了批判性评估。对沼气、生物农药、化妆品和生物燃料产量的详细分析增强了所审查的三个工厂的经济潜力。全面讨论了生物燃料作物的社会经济影响、实际挑战和局限性，特别是在以农村为主的低收入农业环境中。因此，在结论部分，