Errors induced by inaccurate or insufficient sound speed profiles (SSPs) in the water column will cause refraction errors in multibeam bathymetries. Most existing methods focus on eliminating errors in shallow water. Thus, to address the problems in a wider range of water depths, a new method is developed. First, beams in each ping are divided into two parts with the nadir beam as a boundary, and beams in each part have one equivalent sound speed profile (ESSP). Then, the overlaps of adjacent swaths are used to estimate the gradients of ESSPs by minimizing the depth difference in the overlaps with the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. To verify the proposed method, two datasets, i.e., one with artificially introduced refraction errors from water depths within 24 m and the other with refraction errors from water depths within 300 m, are calibrated. The results show that the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the depth difference between the results of the proposed method and the in situ measurements in the shallow water data are approximately -0.006 m and 0.006 m, respectively. The mean and SD of the depth difference between the results of the proposed method and the in situ measurements in the deeper water data are approximately less than -0.066 m and 0.266 m, respectively.

由水体中不准确或不足的声速剖面 (SSP) 引起的误差将导致多波束测深中的折射误差。大多数现有方法侧重于消除浅水区的误差。因此，为了解决更广泛水深范围内的问题，开发了一种新方法。首先，每个 ping 中的波束以最低点波束为边界分为两部分，每个部分中的波束具有一个等效声速分布 (ESSP)。然后，通过使用差分进化 (DE) 算法最小化重叠中的深度差异，使用相邻条带的重叠来估计 ESSP 的梯度。为了验证所提出的方法，两个数据集，即，一个人为引入的折射误差在 24 m 以内的水深，另一个折射误差在 300 m 以内的水深，被校准。结果表明，所提方法的结果与浅水数据中原位测量的深度差异的平均值和标准偏差（SD）分别约为-0.006 m和0.006 m。所提方法的结果与深水数据中原位测量的深度差异的平均值和SD分别约为小于-0.066 m和0.266 m。