Abstract: Anaphylaxis is a condition that is likely increasing in prevalence and commonly treated by allergists as well as other first responders and emergency room providers. Although a relatively rare event, anaphylaxis can occur in infants, with the most common cause attributed to foods. Infant anaphylaxis can present with unique diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations. While infants can present with classic signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (eg, urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, wheeze, and vomiting) they can also present with non-classical signs. Non-classical signs of infant anaphylaxis can include ear pulling, tongue thrusting, fussiness, and increase clinginess to the caregiver. These non-classic signs of infant anaphylaxis can often mimic normal infant behavior further complicating the diagnosis. Additionally, when treating infant anaphylaxis, there are special considerations regarding the use of epinephrine. These include determining appropriate needle length, dosages appropriate to administer depending on the weight of the infant, and the availability of different epinephrine auto-injectors. In this article, we aim to review the clinical management of infant anaphylaxis including diagnosis, recognition, treatment, strategies for follow-up and special considerations regarding epinephrine administration in this demographics.

Keywords: infant anaphylaxis, epinephrine


中文翻译：

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婴儿过敏反应的临床管理

摘要：过敏反应是一种患病率可能增加的病症，通常由过敏症专家以及其他急救人员和急诊室提供者治疗。虽然是一种相对罕见的事件，但婴儿过敏反应可能会发生，最常见的原因归因于食物。婴儿过敏反应可能会带来独特的诊断挑战和治疗考虑。虽然婴儿可能会出现过敏反应的典型体征和症状（例如荨麻疹、血管性水肿、呼吸困难、喘息和呕吐），但他们也可能出现非典型体征。婴儿过敏反应的非典型体征可能包括拉耳、吐舌、烦躁和增加对照顾者的依恋。这些婴儿过敏反应的非典型症状通常可以模仿正常的婴儿行为，使诊断更加复杂。此外，在治疗婴儿过敏反应时，对肾上腺素的使用有特殊的考虑。这些包括确定适当的针头长度、根据婴儿体重适当给药的剂量以及不同肾上腺素自动注射器的可用性。在本文中，我们旨在回顾婴儿过敏反应的临床管理，包括诊断、识别、治疗、随访策略以及在该人群中使用肾上腺素的特殊考虑。

关键词：婴儿过敏反应，肾上腺素