The prominent rise of digital health in ophthalmology is evident in the current age of Industry 4.0. Despite the many facets of digital health, there has been a greater slant in interest and focus on artificial intelligence recently. Other major elements of digital health like wearables could also substantially impact patient-focused outcomes but have been relatively less explored and discussed. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the use of non-artificial intelligence digital health tools in ophthalmology. 53 papers were included in this systematic review - 25 papers discuss virtual or augmented reality, 14 discuss mobile applications and 14 discuss wearables. Most papers focused on the use of technologies to detect or rehabilitate visual impairment, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Overall, the findings on patient-focused outcomes with the adoption of these technologies are encouraging. Further validation, large-scale studies and earlier consideration of real-world barriers are warranted to enable better real-world implementation.

中文翻译：

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眼科非人工智能数字健康创新的出现：系统评价

在当前工业 4.0 时代，眼科数字健康的显着增长显而易见。尽管数字健康有很多方面，但最近人们对人工智能的兴趣和关注度越来越高。可穿戴设备等数字健康的其他主要元素也可能对以患者为中心的结果产生重大影响，但相对较少的探索和讨论。在这篇综述中，我们全面评估了非人工智能数字健康工具在眼科中的使用。本次系统评价共收录 53 篇论文——25 篇讨论虚拟现实或增强现实，14 篇讨论移动应用，14 篇讨论可穿戴设备。大多数论文侧重于使用技术来检测或修复视力障碍、青光眼和与年龄相关的黄斑变性。总体，通过采用这些技术，以患者为中心的结果令人鼓舞。需要进一步验证、大规模研究和更早地考虑现实世界的障碍，以实现更好的现实世界实施。