Background

Epidemiological burden of modifiable mortality risk factors is recognized in literature; however, less is known on the economic losses due to a range of such risks.

Aim

To estimate production losses (indirect cost) of mortality associated with risk factors as classified in Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study in Poland in years 2000, 2010, and 2017.

Methods

We relied on the human capital method and societal perspective and used sex-, age-, region-, and risk-specific data on mortality due to modifiable risk factors and a set of socio-economic measures.

Results

The production losses due to mortality attributable to all investigated risk factors accounted for 19.6–21.0 billion PLN (Polish zloty; 2017 exchange rate: 1€ = 4.26 PLN) and 1.44–2.45% of gross domestic product, depending on year. Behavioural factors were the most important contributor to overall burden (16.7–18.2 billion PLN), followed by metabolic factors (6.8–7.6 billion PLN) and environmental and occupational factors (3.0–3.5 billion PLN). Of disaggregated risks, alcohol and tobacco, high systolic blood pressure, and dietary risks proved to lead to the highest losses. Cost per death was greatest for child and maternal malnutrition, followed by intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse and bullying. Moreover, a notable regional variation of indirect cost was identified with losses ranging from 1.21 to 1.81% of regional gross domestic product in 2017.

Conclusion

Our findings provide economically hierarchised list of modifiable risk factors and they contribute to inform policy-makers in prioritizing programmes to improve health.

中文翻译：

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波兰因与可改变的健康风险因素相关的死亡率而造成的生产损失

背景

文献中认识到可改变的死亡风险因素的流行病学负担；然而，人们对因一系列此类风险而造成的经济损失知之甚少。

目的

估计与 2000 年、2010 年和 2017 年在波兰进行的 2019 年全球疾病负担研究中分类的风险因素相关的死亡率的生产损失（间接成本）。

方法

我们依靠人力资本方法和社会视角，并使用了性别、年龄、地区和风险特定的数据，以了解可改变的风险因素和一系列社会经济措施导致的死亡率。

结果

归因于所有调查风险因素的死亡导致的生产损失占 19.6-210 亿兹罗提（波兰兹罗提；2017 年汇率：1 欧元 = 4.26 兹罗提）和国内生产总值的 1.44-2.45%，具体取决于年份。行为因素是总体负担的最重要因素（16.7-182 亿兹罗提），其次是代谢因素（6.8-76 亿兹罗提）以及环境和职业因素（3.0-35 亿兹罗提）。在分类风险中，酒精和烟草、高收缩压和饮食风险被证明导致损失最高。儿童和孕产妇营养不良的死亡成本最高，其次是亲密伴侣暴力和儿童性虐待和欺凌。此外，发现间接成本存在显着的区域差异，损失从 1.21 到 1 不等。

结论

我们的研究结果提供了可修改风险因素的经济分层列表，它们有助于告知决策者优先考虑改善健康的计划。