The research octane numbers and auto-ignition characteristics of a toluene primary reference fuel (TPRF), when blended with three C5 esters, γ-valerolactone (GVL), methyl butanoate (MB), and methyl crotonate (MC), were investigated on a cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine and a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). In fuel preparation, ethanol was used to improve the miscibility, and the total additive comprised 1/3 ethanol and 2/3 GVL/MB/MC on a molar basis. The experimental results first reveal that the addition of the three series of additives boost fuel octane rating, and their boosting effects rank as MB > GVL ∼ MC when fuels are blended on a molar basis. In contrast, the auto-ignition tendency of the three series of fuel blends, when blended on the molar basis, ranks as the MC blends > the GVL blends> the MB blends. Different from the similar reactivities observed for the MC blends and the GVL blends in the RON tests, the MC blends exhibit higher auto-ignition propensity than the GVL blends, probably because the higher enthalpy of vaporization of GVL causes a more significant cooling effect. Finally, different from the literature studies that reported similar reactivities for pure MB and MC, in this study MB shows lower reactivity than MC when blending with the TPRF gasoline surrogate.

在与三种 C5 酯、γ-戊内酯 (GVL)、丁酸甲酯 (MB) 和巴豆酸甲酯 (MC) 混合时，甲苯主要参考燃料 (TPRF) 的辛烷值和自燃特性在合作燃料研究 (CFR) 发动机和定容燃烧室 (CVCC)。在燃料制备中，乙醇用于提高混溶性，总添加剂包括 1/3 乙醇和 2/3 GVL/MB/MC，以摩尔计。实验结果首先揭示了三个系列添加剂的加入提高了燃料辛烷值，当燃料以摩尔为基础进行混合时，它们的提高效果等级为MB > GVL ∼ MC。相比之下，三个系列的燃料混合物的自燃倾向，当以摩尔为基础混合时，排列为 MC 混合物 > GVL 混合物 > MB 混合物。与在 RON 测试中观察到的 MC 混合物和 GVL 混合物的类似反应性不同，MC 混合物表现出比 GVL 混合物更高的自燃倾向，这可能是因为 GVL 的较高汽化焓导致更显着的冷却效果。最后，与报道纯 MB 和 MC 具有相似反应性的文献研究不同，在本研究中，MB 在与 TPRF 汽油替代品混合时显示出比 MC 更低的反应性。