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PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF URBAN FLORAS IN THE CENTRAL URALS
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.663244
Alyona S. Tretyakova , Basil N. Yakimov , Pavel V. Kondratkov , Nickolay Yu. Grudanov , Marc W. Cadotte

Modern cities harbor a high diversity of plants and urban floras are significantly different from natural floras especially when considering the proportion of alien species found in cities. These floras harbor a high diversity species but it is not clear whether urban areas disproportionately select for species from relatively few evolutionary lineages or provide opportunities for species across the full spectrum of plant lineages. Here we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the floras in four cities (Yekaterinburg, Kamensk-Uralsky, Krasnoufimsk, Turinsk) in the understudied region of Central Urals (Russian Federation). We classified native species into indigenous and apophytic species, namely those that are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and those that have expanded their range with human activity, respectively. Alien species were classified into archaeophytes and neophytes according to when they were introduced (i.e., before or after than 1800). Phylogenetic diversity was quantified using Faith’s index to reflect total evolutionary history in urban areas and mean phylogenetic distance, MPD, to reflect species dissimilarity. Phylogenetic diversity of native species was higher than that for alien species, and the standardized effect size of MPD for natives was positive, reflecting their general dissimilarity from one another, while it was very negative for aliens, showing that they were phylogenetically clustered. However, among natives, apophytes were significantly clustered, while indigenous species were overdispersed. For the aliens, MPD was higher for archaeophytes compared to neophytes, though both groups were significantly clustered. These results show that urbanization leads to a non-random selection of plants. Apophytes and alien plants were comprised of closely related species, reflecting similar ecological traits and are likely to be pre-adapted to the environmentally altered and highly disturbed urban environment.

中文翻译:

中乌拉尔城市植物群的系统发育多样性

现代城市拥有高度多样性的植物,城市植物群与自然植物群显着不同,尤其是在考虑到城市中发现的外来物种比例时。这些植物群拥有高度多样性的物种,但尚不清楚城市地区是否不成比例地从相对较少的进化谱系中选择物种,还是为整个植物谱系的物种提供了机会。在这里,我们检查了中央乌拉尔(俄罗斯联邦)未研究地区的四个城市(叶卡捷琳堡、卡缅斯克-乌拉尔斯基、克拉斯诺芬斯克、都灵斯克)的植物群的分类学和系统发育多样性。我们将本地物种分为本地物种和无植物物种,即对人为干扰敏感的物种和随着人类活动扩大其范围的物种。外来物种根据引入时间(即1800年前或之后)分为古生植物和新生植物。系统发育多样性使用 Faith 指数进行量化,以反映城市地区的总体进化历史,并使用平均系统发育距离 MPD 来反映物种差异。本地物种的系统发育多样性高于外来物种,本地物种的MPD标准化效应大小为正,反映了它们之间的普遍差异,而对外来物种则为负值,表明它们在系统发育上是聚集的。然而,在本地人中,蚜虫明显聚集,而本地物种则过度分散。对于外星人来说,与新手相比,古生植物的 MPD 更高,尽管两组都显着聚集。这些结果表明城市化导致植物的非随机选择。蚜虫和外来植物由密切相关的物种组成,反映了相似的生态特征,并且很可能预先适应了环境改变和高度扰动的城市环境。
更新日期:2021-07-08
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