Releases into the atmosphere resulting from accidents or malicious activities may be extremely diverse in nature and have harmful consequences for human health and the environment. Successfully managing such releases is a matter of the utmost importance for security services and governmental authorities. For some decades, Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (AT&D) models embedded in Decision-Support Systems (DSS) have been operated in order to simulate the space and time distribution of hazardous materials and to assess their health impact on the population and on first responders in cases of emergency. Unfortunately, the AT&D models in DSS generally oversimplify the local or regional environment and are compromised by insufficient space and time resolution close to the source of the release. Thus, we have developed a DSS based on 3D multi-scale weather forecast and Lagrangian AT&D models in the frame of a project called “EMERGENCIES”. As an emblematic example, we have performed dispersion simulations of fictitious noxious releases from the inside or outside of public buildings both at micro-scale in a huge domain encompassing the city of Paris and its suburbs, and at meso-scale beyond this domain. Furthermore, results have been produced in a time lapse consistent with emergency management thanks to large, yet affordable computational resources. Providing emergency response actors with such operational, accurate and reliable results may be extremely advantageous for both preparedness and response to emergencies. Ultimately, state-of-the-science AT&D models offer a sound validated new paradigm to support decision-making by security services and their authorities facing contingent Chemical, Biological, Radioactive, Nuclear or Explosive (CBRN-E) releases into the air.

事故或恶意活动导致的大气排放在性质上可能极其多样，对人类健康和环境造成有害后果。成功管理此类发布对于安全服务和政府机构而言至关重要。几十年来，决策支持系统 (DSS) 中嵌入的大气传输和扩散 (AT&D) 模型一直在运行，以模拟危险材料的空间和时间分布，并评估它们对人口和急救人员的健康影响。紧急情况。不幸的是，DSS 中的 AT&D 模型通常过度简化了本地或区域环境，并且由于靠近发布源的空间和时间分辨率不足而受到影响。因此，我们在名为“EMERGENCIES”的项目框架内开发了基于 3D 多尺度天气预报和拉格朗日 AT&D 模型的 DSS。作为一个象征性的例子，我们在包含巴黎市及其郊区的巨大域的微观尺度和超出该域的中尺度对公共建筑内部或外部的虚构有毒物质排放进行了分散模拟。此外，由于大量但负担得起的计算资源，在与应急管理一致的时间间隔内产生了结果。为应急响应行动者提供这种可操作的、准确的和可靠的结果，对于应急准备和响应都极为有利。最终，最先进的 AT&