Herein, a novel cost-effective demand side management and peak power shaving are demonstrated by optimized scheduling of renewable energy source integrated grid-connected hybrid microgrid and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) storage. To promote the waste to energy for the rural and urban communities, the biogas energy source is integrated along with the combined solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy sources. As a long life and scalable battery storage solution, VRFB storage is adopted for peak shaving and microgrid performance reliability. Power generation from the renewable sources, VRFB charge–discharge, and grid power usage are scheduled considering two practical electricity tariff profiles, thus making the overall microgrid system operation cost-effective and efficient. The optimized cost of energy management is determined considering the operation and maintenance cost of energy source and battery storage, grid tariff profile, and power import and export. The performance of the overall control scheme is experimentally validated by a grid-connected hybrid microgrid consisting of 10 kWp solar PV, 1 kW wind turbine, 15 kVA biogas engine generator, and 1 kW 6 h VRFB storage. The proposed energy management scheme is scalable and a generalized one that claims to be suitable for large-scale renewable energy integrated power systems as well.

中文翻译：

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微电网中混合可再生能源与长寿命电池储能的优化集成，用于不同关税情景下的峰值功率调节和需求侧管理

在此，通过可再生能源集成并网混合微电网和钒氧化还原液流电池 (VRFB) 存储的优化调度，展示了一种新颖的具有成本效益的需求侧管理和调峰。为了促进农村和城市社区的垃圾发电，沼气能源与太阳能光伏（PV）和风能相结合。作为一种长寿命和可扩展的电池存储解决方案，VRFB 存储用于调峰和微电网性能可靠性。可再生能源发电、VRFB 充放电和电网电力使用计划考虑了两种实际的电价情况，从而使整个微电网系统运行具有成本效益和效率。能源管理的优化成本是综合考虑能源和蓄电池的运行维护成本、电网电价概况、电力进出口等因素确定的。整体控制方案的性能通过由 10 kWp 太阳能光伏、1 kW 风力涡轮机、15 kVA 沼气发动机发电机和 1 kW 6 h VRFB 存储组成的并网混合微电网进行实验验证。所提出的能源管理方案具有可扩展性和通用性，声称也适用于大规模可再生能源综合电力系统。15 kVA 沼气发动机发电机和 1 kW 6 h VRFB 存储。所提出的能源管理方案具有可扩展性和通用性，声称也适用于大规模可再生能源综合电力系统。15 kVA 沼气发动机发电机和 1 kW 6 h VRFB 存储。所提出的能源管理方案具有可扩展性和通用性，声称也适用于大规模可再生能源综合电力系统。