The traditional criteria for statehood assume that a state must have a government that enables state effectiveness. In the absence of a separate criterion for state continuity, the ‘constitutive elements’ for state creation have been regarded as also ‘continuative elements’ that preserve a state from extinction. However, practice has shown that a state can continue to exist even in the absence of government, which implies that simple assumptions on state continuity, paralleling rationale developed in the discourse of state creation, are inadequate as an explanatory framework for the situation and should thus be reconsidered. To this end, the article examines the underlying rationale for state continuity in the absence of a government, drawing a distinction between constitutive and continuative elements of statehood. Further, it suggests reframing the element of government as an entitlement belonging to the people and apprehending the state as a legally framed concept that cannot be simply determined by its effectiveness. In so doing, the article explores the role of international law in supporting the legal continuity of the state beyond effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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政府缺席下的国家连续性：国际法的基本原理

国家地位的传统标准假设一个国家必须有一个能够使国家有效的政府。在没有单独的国家连续性标准的情况下，国家创建的“构成要素”也被视为保护国家免于灭绝的“连续要素”。然而，实践表明，即使在没有政府的情况下，一个国家也可以继续存在，这意味着简单的国家连续性假设，与国家创建话语中发展的基本原理相平行，不足以作为这种情况的解释框架，因此应该重新考虑。为此，本文研究了在没有政府的情况下国家连续性的基本原理，区分了国家地位的构成要素和连续要素。进一步，它建议将政府的要素重新定义为属于人民的权利，并将国家理解为一个不能简单地由其有效性来确定的法律框架概念。在此过程中，本文探讨了国际法在支持国家在效力之外的法律连续性方面的作用。