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Variation in sex ratio of the leafminer Phytomyza plantaginis Goureau (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Australia
Austral Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1111/aen.12557
Marianne P Coquilleau 1 , Xuefen Xu 1 , Peter M Ridland 1 , Paul A Umina 1, 2 , Ary A Hoffmann 1
Affiliation  

Parthenogenetic reproduction has only previously been demonstrated in two species of agromyzid leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae), both from the genus Phytomyza. The plantain leafminer, Phytomyza plantaginis, is Palaearctic in origin, and bisexual populations have been observed in this region. However, historically, only females had been collected in the Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical and Oceanian regions. Here, we show that southern Australian samples of this species from Plantago spp. can be composed of both parthenogenic and bisexual populations. In sites around Melbourne, males were present, although the sex ratio was female biased, with females comprising 75% of sampled individuals. In contrast, males were absent from collections in western and northern Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Western Australia. Female P. plantaginis flies were reared from three Plantago host plants (Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major and Plantago coronopus), although females were particularly common from Pl. lanceolata. Insect cages set up with leafminers from sites where only females occurred produced only females, while cages with leafminers from sites where males occurred produced both sexes and mating was observed. Individuals from all populations were infected by Wolbachia endosymbionts, suggesting that the presence/absence of Wolbachia is not directly responsible for the parthenogenesis. However, there was an association between a mtDNA variant (PP.02) and sexual reproduction, in that this variant was absent in areas where only females were collected but present in all males and some females from areas with sexual populations. The mechanism responsible for parthenogenesis in P. plantaginis remains unknown but is linked to maternal factors.

中文翻译:

来自澳大利亚的潜叶植物 Phytomyza plantaginis Goureau(双翅目:Agromyzidae)的性别比例变化

孤雌生殖之前仅在两种来自 Phytomyza 属的 agromyzid 潜叶蝇(双翅目:Agromyzidae)中得到证实。车前草潜叶植物 Phytomyza plantaginis起源于古北界,在该地区已观察到双性恋种群。然而,历史上,只有在澳大拉西亚、近北冰洋、新热带和大洋洲地区收集到雌性。在这里,我们展示了来自车前草的该物种的澳大利亚南部样本属 可以由孤雌生殖和双性恋种群组成。在墨尔本附近的地点,男性存在,尽管性别比例偏向女性,女性占采样个体的 75%。相比之下,维多利亚州西部和北部、澳大利亚首都直辖区、新南威尔士州和西澳大利亚州的收藏品中没有男性。雌性前草蝇是从三种车前宿主植物(车前草大车前冠车前)饲养的,尽管雌性在Pl中特别常见。披针叶. 用来自仅雌性发生的地点的潜叶虫设置的昆虫笼子只产生雌性,而来自雄性出现的地点的潜叶虫设置的笼子产生两性并观察到交配。从所有人群的个体被感染沃尔巴克氏体的内共生体,这表明存在/不存在的沃尔巴克氏体不是为孤雌生殖的直接原因。然而,mtDNA 变异 (PP.02) 与有性生殖之间存在关联,因为该变异在仅收集雌性的地区不存在,但存在于所有雄性和来自有性种群区域的一些雌性中。车前草孤雌生殖的机制仍然未知,但与母体因素有关。
更新日期:2021-08-30
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