Assessment of the reasons for the ambiguous influence of forests on the structure of the water balance is the subject of heated debate among forest hydrologists. Influencing the components of total evaporation, forest vegetation makes a significant contribution to the process of runoff formation, but this process has specific features in different geographical zones. The issues of the influence of forest vegetation on river runoff in the zonal aspect have not been sufficiently studied. Based on the analysis of the dependence of river runoff on forest cover, using the example of nine catchments located in the forest-tundra, northern and middle taiga of Northern Eurasia, it is shown that the share of forest cover in the total catchment area (percentage of forest cover, FCP) has different effects on runoff formation. Numerical experiments with the developed empirical models have shown that an increase in forest cover in the catchment area in northern latitudes contributes to an increase in runoff, while in the southern direction (in the middle taiga) extensive woody cover of catchments “works” to reduce runoff. The effectiveness of geographical zonality in regards to the influence of forests on runoff is more pronounced in the forest-tundra zone than in the zones of northern and middle taiga. The study of this problem allowed us to analyze various aspects of the hydrological role of forests, and to show that forest ecosystems, depending on environmental conditions and the spatial distribution of forest cover, can transform water regimes in different ways. Despite the fact that the process of river runoff formation is controlled by many factors, such as temperature conditions, precipitation regime, geomorphology and the presence of permafrost, the models obtained allow us to reveal general trends in the dependence of the annual river runoff on the percentage of forest cover, at the level of catchments. The results obtained are consistent with the concept of geographic determinism, which explains the contradictions that exist in assessing the hydrological role of forests in various geographical and climatic conditions. The results of the study may serve as the basis for regulation of the forest cover of northern Eurasian river basins in order to obtain the desired hydrological effect depending on environmental and economic conditions.

中文翻译：

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中西伯利亚北部河流流域森林覆盖变化对径流影响的分区方面

评估森林对水平衡结构的模糊影响的原因是森林水文学家之间激烈争论的主题。森林植被对径流形成过程的影响是影响总蒸发量的重要因素，但这一过程在不同的地理区域具有特定的特征。森林植被在地带性方面对河流径流的影响问题尚未得到充分研究。基于河流径流对森林覆盖的依赖性分析，以位于欧亚大陆北部森林-苔原、北部和中部针叶林的九个流域为例，表明森林覆盖在总流域面积中的份额为（森林覆盖率 (FCP) 对径流形成有不同的影响。已开发的经验模型的数值实验表明，北纬集水区森林覆盖的增加有助于增加径流，而在南部方向（中针叶林）集水区的广泛木本覆盖“起作用”以减少径流。径流。与北针叶林和中针叶林带相比，森林-苔原带的地理带状效应对森林对径流的影响更为显着。对这个问题的研究使我们能够分析森林水文作用的各个方面，并表明森林生态系统可以根据环境条件和森林覆盖的空间分布以不同方式改变水情。尽管河流径流形成过程受多种因素控制，例如温度条件、降水状况、地貌和永久冻土的存在，所获得的模型使我们能够揭示流域一级年度河流径流对森林覆盖百分比的依赖性的一般趋势。获得的结果与地理决定论的概念一致，这解释了在评估森林在各种地理和气候条件下的水文作用时存在的矛盾。研究结果可作为调控欧亚北部河流流域森林覆盖率的依据，以根据环境和经济条件获得预期的水文效果。所获得的模型使我们能够揭示流域层面每年河流径流对森林覆盖率的依赖性的总体趋势。获得的结果与地理决定论的概念一致，这解释了在评估森林在各种地理和气候条件下的水文作用时存在的矛盾。研究结果可作为调控欧亚北部河流流域森林覆盖率的依据，以根据环境和经济条件获得预期的水文效果。所获得的模型使我们能够揭示流域层面每年河流径流对森林覆盖率的依赖性的总体趋势。获得的结果与地理决定论的概念一致，这解释了在评估森林在各种地理和气候条件下的水文作用时存在的矛盾。研究结果可作为调控欧亚北部河流流域森林覆盖率的依据，以根据环境和经济条件获得预期的水文效果。这解释了在评估森林在各种地理和气候条件下的水文作用时存在的矛盾。研究结果可作为调控欧亚北部河流流域森林覆盖率的依据，以根据环境和经济条件获得预期的水文效果。这解释了在评估森林在各种地理和气候条件下的水文作用时存在的矛盾。研究结果可作为调控欧亚北部河流流域森林覆盖率的依据，以根据环境和经济条件获得预期的水文效果。