The Mompaderno cranium was found in 1883 at Baderna/Mompaderno in Croatian Istria. It was suspected to date from the Mesolithic or Neolithic period, but radiocarbon analyses, performed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on collagen extracted from two teeth, have provided an age range of 2,202–1928 cal. BC, which corresponds to the Early Bronze Age in the investigated region. Macroscopic observations and X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT) of the cranium have shown antemortem sharp force trauma on the frontal bones, probably caused by a bronze axe, and a related osteomyelitis likely caused by an infection of the wound. The study has also revealed a previous depressed fracture and an osteolytic area interpreted as intradiploic meningioma. Results provide rare and earliest evidence of interpersonal violence in the northern Adriatic region.

中文翻译：

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Mompaderno 颅骨（克罗地亚伊斯特拉）的古病理学研究揭示了青铜时代早期的人际暴力

Mompaderno 颅骨于 1883 年在克罗地亚伊斯特拉的 Baderna/Mompaderno 被发现。它被怀疑可以追溯到中石器时代或新石器时代，但通过加速器质谱法 (AMS) 对从两颗牙齿中提取的胶原蛋白进行的放射性碳分析提供了 2,202-1928 cal 的年龄范围。BC，对应于调查地区的早期青铜时代。头盖骨的宏观观察和 X 射线显微断层扫描 (micro-CT) 显示，生前额骨受到锐力创伤，可能是由青铜斧造成的，并且可能是由伤口感染引起的相关骨髓炎。该研究还揭示了先前的凹陷性骨折和溶骨区域被解释为椎间盘内脑膜瘤。结果提供了亚得里亚海北部地区人际暴力的罕见和最早的证据。