Tunisia is characterized by the presence of specific seed-propagated apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) material which is found in the oasis agroecosystems. In order to highlight the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of this germplasm, 33 apricot accessions collected from six different oasis regions in southwestern Tunisia were genotyped using 24 microsatellite markers. A total number of 111 alleles was detected with an average of 4.62 alleles per locus. Bayesian model-based clustering analysis indicated four subdivisions within the collection sampled that corresponded mainly to the geographic origin of the material. The analysis of the 33 accessions using chloroplast markers allowed the identification of 32 haplotypes. Overall, the present study highlighted the high Tunisian apricot’s diversity in the traditional oasis agroecosystems with low genetic differentiation. Understanding the structure of seed-propagated apricot collection is crucial for managing collections in regard to adaptive traits for Arid and Saharan climates as well as for identifying interesting genotypes that can be integrated into international coordinated actions of breeding programs.

突尼斯的特点是存在特定的种子繁殖杏 ( Prunus armeniacaL.) 在绿洲农业生态系统中发现的材料。为了突出该种质的遗传多样性、种群结构和人口统计历史，使用 24 个微卫星标记对从突尼斯西南部六个不同绿洲地区收集的 33 个杏种质进行了基因分型。共检测到 111 个等位基因，每个基因座平均有 4.62 个等位基因。基于贝叶斯模型的聚类分析表明，采样的集合中有四个细分，主要对应于材料的地理来源。使用叶绿体标记分析 33 个种质可以鉴定 32 个单倍型。总体而言，本研究强调了突尼斯杏在遗传分化低的传统绿洲农业生态系统中的高度多样性。