Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) associated cardiovascular adverse events (CVAE) have become more frequent with the growing use of cancer immunotherapy. CVAEs include a wide spectrum of diseases such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. The induction of cardiovascular side effects by ICI use is hypothesized to occur due to inflammation and immune dysregulation of normal tissue in response to immunotherapy. Management of ICI-associated CVAEs mitigates an overactive immune response by utilizing steroids, immunomodulatory drugs and hemodynamic stabilization. However, few controlled studies on the cardiovascular safety of ICIs exist and treatment of their side effects are mostly from limited case series. Our review seeks to provide the most recent understanding of ICI-associated CVAEs and their management.

中文翻译：

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与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的心脏毒性：机制、表现和管理。

随着癌症免疫疗法的日益普及，免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 相关的心血管不良事件 (CVAE) 变得更加频繁。CVAE 包括多种疾病，例如心肌炎、心包炎、心力衰竭、心律失常、冠状动脉疾病和高血压。假设 ICI 使用诱发心血管副作用是由于炎症和正常组织响应免疫治疗的免疫失调而发生的。ICI 相关 CVAE 的管理通过使用类固醇、免疫调节药物和血流动力学稳定来减轻过度活跃的免疫反应。然而，很少有关于 ICI 心血管安全性的对照研究，其副作用的治疗大多来自有限的病例系列。