An increasing need for novel approaches to knowledge co-production that effectively and equitably address sustainability challenges has arisen in the twenty-first century. Calls for more representative and contextual co-production strategies have come from indigenous communities, scientific research forums, and global environmental governance networks. Despite calls to action, there are no systematic reviews that derive lessons from knowledge co-production scholarship to interpret their significance through the lens of a specific sociopolitical and cultural context. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on knowledge co-production published from 2000 to 2020. Using a hybrid inductive and deductive thematic analysis, we identified two conceptual themes—guiding principles and approaches—to structure the synthesis and interpretation of 102 studies. We found that knowledge co-production studies often converged on four interrelated principles: recognition of contextual diversity bounding knowledge co-production, preemptive and intentional engagement with indigenous knowledge holders, formation of shared understanding of the purpose of knowledge co-production, and empowerment of knowledge holders throughout the co-production cycle. These principles manifested in multiple approaches for interpreting, bridging, applying, and distributing power amongst diverse knowledge systems rooted in different epistemologies. We filter these findings through the social–ecological context that frames an ongoing knowledge co-production project with Inuit communities in Nunatsiavut, Canada: the Sustainable Nunatsiavut Futures Project. Our review suggests that emerging forms of knowledge co-production principles and approaches yield immense potential in diverse contexts. Yet in many regions, including Nunatsiavut, principles alone may not be enough to account for systemic and contextualized issues (e.g., colonization and data sovereignty) that can present roadblocks to equitable sustainability science in the twenty-first century if left unaddressed.

21 世纪出现了对有效和公平地解决可持续性挑战的知识共同生产新方法的日益增长的需求。土著社区、科学研究论坛和全球环境治理网络都呼吁制定更具代表性和情境性的联合生产战略。尽管呼吁采取行动，但没有系统评价从知识共同生产奖学金中汲取教训，通过特定社会政治和文化背景的视角来解释其重要性。我们对 2000 年至 2020 年发表的关于知识合作生产的同行评审和灰色文献进行了系统回顾。我们确定了两个概念主题——指导原则和方法——来构建 102 项研究的综合和解释。我们发现，知识共同生产研究通常集中在四个相互关联的原则上：认识限制知识共同生产的背景多样性、与本土知识持有者的先发制人和有意参与、形成对知识共同生产目的的共同理解以及赋权整个联合制作周期中的知识持有者。这些原则体现在多种方法中，用于在植根于不同认识论的不同知识系统之间解释、桥接、应用和分配权力。我们通过社会生态背景过滤这些发现，该背景与努纳察武特的因纽特人社区构建了一个正在进行的知识联合生产项目，可持续的 Nunatsiavut 期货项目。我们的评论表明，新兴形式的知识共同生产原则和方法在不同的环境中产生了巨大的潜力。然而，在包括努纳齐亚武特在内的许多地区，仅靠原则可能不足以解决系统性和情境化问题（例如，殖民化和数据主权），如果不加以解决，这些问题可能会成为 21 世纪公平可持续性科学的障碍。