We analyzed both the “economic human” and the “ecological human” assumptions from economic and ecological perspectives. Some limitations of the economic human assumption were found; however, these limitations can be overcome by the ecological human assumption. The pollution problems caused by the business activities of enterprises are rooted in the enterprise’s pursuit of the goal of economic profit maximization. Therefore, the ecological human assumption was introduced on the basis of major revisions to the economic human assumption. We justified that the ecological human assumption is more suitable for the sustainable development of the social economy and we applied game theory to analyze and compare the economic human and ecological human assumptions. The results showed both similarities and differences between these two assumptions. The ecological human assumption can act as a supplemental and optimized assumption based on the economic human assumption. The enterprise pollution treatment problem could be more effectively solved under the ecological human assumption, which provides theoretical support for long-term sustainable development strategies for enterprises.

我们从经济和生态的角度分析了“经济人”和“生态人”的假设。发现了经济人假设的一些局限性；然而，这些限制可以通过生态人类假设来克服。企业经营活动造成的污染问题，根源在于企业追求经济利润最大化的目标。因此，在对经济人假设进行重大修改的基础上引入了生态人假设。我们论证了生态人假设更适合社会经济的可持续发展，并应用博弈论对经济人假设和生态人假设进行了分析和比较。结果显示了这两个假设之间的相似之处和不同之处。生态人假设可以作为经济人假设的补充和优化假设。在生态人的假设下可以更有效地解决企业污染治理问题，为企业的长期可持续发展战略提供理论支持。