ABSTRACT This paper applies information-theoretic measures to consider the systemic effects on individual incomes of complex patterns of social and economic discrimination by race, ethnicity, and gender in the U.S. It estimates non-parametric indices of joint, conditional or incremental, and mutual information between income, social identity, and observable economic characteristics obtained using large-scale cross-sectional data from that economy. The paper advances new conceptual and empirical approaches to the nature and measurement of economic discrimination and inequalities of opportunity, founded on the formal informativeness of measures of social identity on economic outcomes. Estimated values for indices of informational association also cast new light on the effects of the intersections of gender and race/ethnicity on income, perverse patterns in the effects of education across different groups, and a few notable dynamic changes in patterns of income distribution in that economy over the past 40 years.

中文翻译：

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通过他们性格的内容？歧视、社会认同和观察到的收入分配

摘要 本文应用信息论措施来考虑美国种族、民族和性别的复杂社会和经济歧视模式对个人收入的系统性影响 它估计了联合、条件或增量以及互信息的非参数指数使用来自该经济体的大规模横截面数据获得的收入、社会认同和可观察的经济特征之间的差异。本文提出了对经济歧视和机会不平等的性质和衡量的新概念和实证方法，其基础是社会认同衡量经济成果的正式信息。信息关联指数的估计值还揭示了性别和种族/民族交叉对收入的影响，