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The distribution of mutual inclinations arising from the stellar quadrupole moment
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1899
Kathleen Schultz 1 , Christopher Spalding 2, 3 , Konstantin Batygin 4
Affiliation  

A large proportion of transiting planetary systems appear to possess only a single planet as opposed to multiple transiting planets. This excess of singles is indicative of significant mutual inclinations existing within a large number of planetary systems, but the origin of these misalignments is unclear. Moreover, recent observational characterization reveals that mutual inclinations tend to increase with proximity to the host star. These trends are both consistent with the dynamical influence of a strong quadrupolar potential arising from the host star during its early phase of rapid rotation, coupled with a non-zero stellar obliquity. Here, we simulate a population of planetary systems subject to the secular perturbation arising from a tilted, oblate host star as it contracts and spins down subsequent to planet formation. We demonstrate that this mechanism can reproduce the general increase in planet-planet mutual inclinations with proximity to the host star, and delineate a parameter space wherein the host star can drive dynamical instabilities. We suggest that approximately 5–10 per cent of low-mass Kepler systems are susceptible to this instability mechanism, suggesting that a significant number of single-transiting planets may truly be intrinsically single. We also report a novel connection between instability and stellar obliquity reduction and make predictions that can be tested within upcoming TESS observations.

中文翻译:

恒星四极矩产生的相互倾角分布

大部分凌日行星系统似乎只拥有一个行星,而不是多个凌日行星。这种过量的单星表明大量行星系统内存在显着的相互倾向,但这些错位的起源尚不清楚。此外,最近的观测特征表明,相互倾角往往会随着靠近主星而增加。这些趋势都与主星在其快速旋转的早期阶段产生的强四极势的动态影响相一致,再加上非零的恒星倾角。在这里,我们模拟了一群行星系统,这些行星系统受到由倾斜的扁圆主星产生的长期扰动,因为它在行星形成后收缩并自转。我们证明了这种机制可以重现行星-行星相互倾角随着靠近主星而普遍增加,并描绘了一个参数空间,其中主星可以驱动动力学不稳定性。我们认为大约 5% 到 10% 的低质量开普勒系统容易受到这种不稳定机制的影响,这表明大量的单行星凌日行星可能真正本质上是单行星。我们还报告了不稳定性和恒星倾角减少之间的新联系,并做出了可以在即将到来的 TESS 观测中检验的预测。我们认为大约 5% 到 10% 的低质量开普勒系统容易受到这种不稳定机制的影响,这表明大量的单行星凌日行星可能真正本质上是单行星。我们还报告了不稳定性和恒星倾角减少之间的新联系,并做出了可以在即将到来的 TESS 观测中检验的预测。我们认为大约 5% 到 10% 的低质量开普勒系统容易受到这种不稳定机制的影响,这表明大量的单行星凌日行星可能真正本质上是单行星。我们还报告了不稳定性和恒星倾角减少之间的新联系,并做出了可以在即将到来的 TESS 观测中检验的预测。
更新日期:2021-07-01
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