Borexino is a 280-ton liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Since the start of its data-taking in May 2007, it has provided several measurements of low-energy neutrinos from various sources. At the base of its success lie unprecedented levels of radio-purity and extensive thermal stabilization, both resulting from a years-long effort of the collaboration. Solar neutrinos, emitted in the Hydrogen-to-Helium fusion in the solar core, are important for the understanding of our star, as well as neutrino properties. Borexino is the only experiment that has performed a complete spectroscopy of the pp chain solar neutrinos (with the exception of the hep neutrinos contributing to the total flux at ${10}^{-5}$ level), through the detection of pp, ${}^7$Be, pep, and ${}^8$B solar neutrinos and has experimentally confirmed the existence of the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun. Borexino has also detected geoneutrinos, antineutrinos from the decays of long-lived radioactive elements inside the Earth, that can be exploited as a new and unique tool to study our planet. This paper reviews the most recent Borexino results on solar and geoneutrinos, from highlighting the key elements of the analyses up to the discussion and interpretation of the results for neutrino, solar, and geophysics.

中文翻译：

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Borexino 结果对来自太阳和地球的中微子

Borexino 是一个 280 吨液体闪烁体探测器，位于意大利国家实验室。自 2007 年 5 月开始采集数据以来，它已经提供了对来自不同来源的低能中微子的多次测量。其成功的基础在于前所未有的辐射纯度和广泛的热稳定性，这两者都源于多年的合作努力。太阳核心的氢氦核聚变中发出的太阳中微子对于理解我们的恒星以及中微子的特性很重要。Borexino 是唯一一个对pp链太阳中微子进行完整光谱分析的实验（除了对总通量有贡献的hep中微子）${10}^{-5}$水平），通过检测pp，${}^7$是，佩普，和${}^8$B 太阳中微子并通过实验证实了太阳中 CNO 聚变循环的存在。Borexino 还检测到地球中微子，即地球内部长寿命放射性元素衰变产生的反中微子，可用作研究我们星球的新的独特工具。本文回顾了 Borexino 关于太阳和地中微子的最新结果，从突出分析的关键要素到对中微子、太阳和地球物理学结果的讨论和解释。